Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Artificial Intelligence Fairness in the Context of Accessibility Research on Intelligent Systems for People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

  Sushant Kafle, Abraham Glasser, Sedeeq Al-khazraji, Larwan Berke, Matthew Seita, Matt Huenerfauth (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper from RIT's Center for Accessibility and Inclusion Research discusses AI fairness issues specifically through the lens of the authors' extensive research on intelligent systems for people who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH). The authors i…

  • AI fairness
  • deaf and hard of hearing
  • automatic speech recognition
  • captioning
  • evaluation metrics
  • sign language avatars
  • ethical responsibility
  • human-AI interaction
  • behavioral change

• What Is the Point of Fairness? Disability, AI and the Complexity of Justice

  Cynthia L. Bennett, Os Keyes (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper offers a critical disability studies challenge to the dominant "fairness" framing of AI ethics, arguing that fairness is insufficient and potentially harmful when applied to disability, and that justice must be centred instead. Drawing on …

  • AI fairness
  • disability justice
  • critical disability studies
  • computer vision
  • autism diagnosis
  • surveillance
  • medicalization
  • intersectionality
  • structural oppression

• Toward Fairness in AI for People with Disabilities: A Research Roadmap

  Anhong Guo, Ece Kamar, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna Wallach, Meredith Ringel Morris (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This position paper from Microsoft Research presents a systematic risk assessment of how major categories of AI systems may fail or discriminate against people with disabilities, proposing a four-point research roadmap for increasing AI fairness. The…

  • AI fairness
  • algorithmic bias
  • disability
  • computer vision
  • speech recognition
  • text processing
  • research roadmap
  • outlier detection
  • benchmark datasets

• Artificial Intelligence and the Dignity of Risk

  Emily Shea Tanis, Clayton Lewis (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper examines the dual risks and opportunities that AI-based systems pose for people with cognitive disabilities, framed around the concept of the "dignity of risk" — the right to make self-directed choices about tradeoffs between risks and ben…

  • AI fairness
  • cognitive disability
  • dignity of risk
  • privacy
  • algorithmic bias
  • self-determination
  • consumer protection
  • data ethics

• Fairness Issues in AI Systems that Augment Sensory Abilities

  Leah Findlater, Steven Goodman, Yuhang Zhao, Shiri Azenkot, Margot Hanley (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper examines the unique fairness challenges that arise when AI systems are used to augment sensory abilities for people with disabilities — a context distinct from other AI applications because these systems provide information that is already…

  • AI fairness
  • sensory augmentation
  • visual impairment
  • deaf and hard of hearing
  • privacy
  • object recognition
  • sound awareness
  • algorithmic bias
  • ethics

• Fairness of AI for People with Disabilities: Problem Analysis and Interdisciplinary Collaboration

  Jason J. G. White (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper provides a philosophical analysis of the fairness challenges that machine learning-based AI poses for people with disabilities, arguing that these challenges demand unprecedented interdisciplinary collaboration across applied ethics, human…

  • AI fairness
  • algorithmic bias
  • disability
  • social justice
  • ethics
  • machine learning
  • policy
  • underrepresentation