Attention

The cognitive process of selectively focusing on relevant stimuli while filtering out competing information. Cognitive neuroscience typically decomposes attention into three networks: alerting (maintaining readiness to respond), orienting (shifting focus across space or sensory input), and executive control (resolving conflict and suppressing prepotent responses). Differences in attention — such as those associated with autism, ADHD, stroke, or dementia — shape learning, daily functioning, and interaction with technology. Accessible design for attention differences includes reducing extraneous stimuli, supporting self-pacing, providing salient cues, and minimizing motor and cognitive load that can confound measurement or engagement.