Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
20 results found in Neuroscience.
- Attention (Attentional processing, Selective attention)
- The cognitive process of selectively focusing on relevant stimuli while filtering out competing information. Cognitive neuroscience typically decomposes attention into three networks: alerting (mainta…
- Attention Network Test (ANT, ANT-I, ANT-Child)
- A computer-administered cognitive task developed by Fan, Posner, and colleagues that measures three functionally distinct attention networks — alerting (sustained readiness), orienting (shifting atten…
- Beta Rhythm (Beta Wave, Beta Oscillation)
- A pattern of electrical brain activity oscillating at approximately 13-30 Hz, commonly recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Like mu rhythms, beta rhythms are modulated by movement and motor imagery …
- Brain-Computer Interface (BCI, Brain-Machine Interface, BMI, Neural Interface)
- A technology that enables direct communication between the brain and an external device by detecting and interpreting neural signals. BCIs can use invasive methods (implanted electrodes) or non-invasi…
- C-tactile Afferents (CT afferents, C-tactile fibres, CT fibres)
- Unmyelinated, slow-conducting nerve fibres found in hairy skin that respond selectively to gentle, slow stroking touch at velocities of approximately 1-10 cm/s. C-tactile afferents are strongly associ…
- Cortical Plasticity (Brain Plasticity, Neural Plasticity, Cortical Reorganization)
- The brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections and functional organization in response to injury, learning, or environmental changes. In the context of disability and rehabilitation, cortica…
- Cross-Modal Transfer (Cross-Modal Perception, Sensory Substitution)
- Cross-modal transfer refers to the ability to recognize or process information received through one sensory modality (such as touch or hearing) based on experience gained through a different modality …
- Episodic Memory (Autobiographical Memory, Personal Experience Memory)
- The memory of specific personal experiences and events, including details about what happened, where and when it occurred, and the emotions associated with it. Episodic memory allows people to mentall…
- Event-Related Potential (ERP)
- An event-related potential (ERP) is a measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. ERPs are extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) recording…
- Imagined Voluntary Movement-Related Potentials (IVMRPs, Motor Imagery Potentials)
- Electrical brain signals generated when a person imagines performing a voluntary movement without actually executing it. These potentials, detectable via EEG electrodes placed over motor cortex areas,…
- Mirror Neuron System (Mirror Neurons)
- The mirror neuron system is a network of brain regions that activate both when a person performs an action and when they observe another person performing the same action. It is implicated in motor si…
- Motor Cortex (Primary Motor Cortex, M1)
- The region of the cerebral cortex responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. Located in the frontal lobe along the precentral gyrus, the motor cortex is organised somato…
- Mu Rhythm (Mu Wave, Mu Oscillation)
- A pattern of electrical brain activity oscillating at approximately 8-12 Hz, recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Mu rhythms are suppressed (desynchronised) when a person performs or imagines perfor…
- Multisensory Integration
- The neural and perceptual process by which the brain combines information from different sensory modalities — sight, hearing, touch, proprioception — into a unified percept. Integration relies on temp…
- Neural Plasticity (Neuroplasticity, Brain Plasticity)
- The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. In the context of accessibility, neural plasticity explains how people who are blind or visually impaired de…
- Neural Prosthetics (Neuroprosthetics, Neural Prostheses)
- Devices that interface directly with the nervous system to restore or supplement lost sensory, motor, or cognitive functions. Neural prosthetics can be input devices (reading neural signals to control…
- Neurotrophic Electrode (Neurotrophic Brain Electrode, Cone Electrode)
- A type of implantable brain electrode designed for long-term, stable recording of neural signals. Unlike conventional electrodes that sit on the brain surface or are inserted as rigid probes, a neurot…
- P300 (P3, P300 Component, P3b)
- The P300 is an event-related potential (ERP) component — a positive voltage deflection in EEG brain signals that peaks approximately 300 milliseconds after a person perceives a rare or task-relevant s…
- Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR, Sensorimotor Cortical Rhythm)
- Oscillatory electrical brain activity recorded over the sensorimotor cortex, the brain region responsible for planning and executing voluntary movements. Sensorimotor rhythms include mu rhythms (8-12 …
- Slow Cortical Potential (SCP, Slow Cortical Potentials)
- Gradual voltage shifts in the electrical activity of the brain, occurring over periods of several hundred milliseconds to several seconds. Slow cortical potentials reflect changes in the overall excit…