Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
20 results found in Brain-Computer Interface.
- Asynchronous Control (Self-Paced Control, Asynchronous BCI)
- A mode of interaction with a computer or assistive device where the user can issue commands at any time of their choosing, rather than being constrained to respond within system-defined time windows. …
- Beta Rhythm (Beta Wave, Beta Oscillation)
- A pattern of electrical brain activity oscillating at approximately 13-30 Hz, commonly recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Like mu rhythms, beta rhythms are modulated by movement and motor imagery …
- Bio-Electrical Signal (Biosignal, Bioelectrical Signal, Physiological Signal)
- A bio-electrical signal is an electrical potential generated by biological processes in the human body, including muscle contractions (EMG), brain activity (EEG), eye movements (EOG), heart rhythms (E…
- Biometric Control (Biometric Input, Physiological Control Interface)
- The use of measurable biological signals from the human body — such as brain waves (EEG), skin conductance (galvanic skin response), muscle electrical activity (EMG), heart rate, or eye movements — as…
- BrainGate (BrainGate2)
- A long-running multi-site clinical trial program (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00912041) that evaluates implantable intracortical brain-computer interfaces in people with paralysis from spinal cord injury, A…
- Event-Related Potential (ERP)
- An event-related potential (ERP) is a measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. ERPs are extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) recording…
- Imagined Voluntary Movement-Related Potentials (IVMRPs, Motor Imagery Potentials)
- Electrical brain signals generated when a person imagines performing a voluntary movement without actually executing it. These potentials, detectable via EEG electrodes placed over motor cortex areas,…
- Intracortical BCI (iBCI, Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface)
- A brain-computer interface that records neural activity directly from inside the cerebral cortex, typically using surgically implanted microelectrode arrays such as the Utah array. Compared with non-i…
- Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
- A supervised machine learning algorithm used for pattern classification, commonly applied in brain-computer interface systems to classify EEG signals. LVQ works by creating a set of reference vectors …
- Microelectrode Array (Utah Array, MEA)
- A small grid of fine recording electrodes (typically 96 silicon shanks in a 4mm x 4mm Utah array) surgically implanted into the cerebral cortex to record the electrical activity of individual neurons …
- Motor Cortex (Primary Motor Cortex, M1)
- The region of the cerebral cortex responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. Located in the frontal lobe along the precentral gyrus, the motor cortex is organised somato…
- Mu Rhythm (Mu Wave, Mu Oscillation)
- A pattern of electrical brain activity oscillating at approximately 8-12 Hz, recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Mu rhythms are suppressed (desynchronised) when a person performs or imagines perfor…
- Neural Control (Neural Interface, Neural Signal Input)
- A method of computer interaction where users modulate their brain signals, detected through electroencephalography (EEG) or other neural monitoring technologies, to generate input commands. Neural con…
- Neural Prosthetics (Neuroprosthetics, Neural Prostheses)
- Devices that interface directly with the nervous system to restore or supplement lost sensory, motor, or cognitive functions. Neural prosthetics can be input devices (reading neural signals to control…
- Neurotrophic Electrode (Neurotrophic Brain Electrode, Cone Electrode)
- A type of implantable brain electrode designed for long-term, stable recording of neural signals. Unlike conventional electrodes that sit on the brain surface or are inserted as rigid probes, a neurot…
- P300 (P3, P300 Component, P3b)
- The P300 is an event-related potential (ERP) component — a positive voltage deflection in EEG brain signals that peaks approximately 300 milliseconds after a person perceives a rare or task-relevant s…
- Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR, Sensorimotor Cortical Rhythm)
- Oscillatory electrical brain activity recorded over the sensorimotor cortex, the brain region responsible for planning and executing voluntary movements. Sensorimotor rhythms include mu rhythms (8-12 …
- Slow Cortical Potential (SCP, Slow Cortical Potentials)
- Gradual voltage shifts in the electrical activity of the brain, occurring over periods of several hundred milliseconds to several seconds. Slow cortical potentials reflect changes in the overall excit…
- Speech Neuroprosthesis (Speech BCI, Speech Brain-Computer Interface)
- A brain-computer interface that decodes neural activity associated with attempted or imagined speech and converts it into text, synthesized voice, or both. Speech neuroprostheses are designed for peop…
- Visual Evoked Potential (VEP, Visually Evoked Response, VERP)
- A visual evoked potential (VEP) is an electrical signal generated by the brain's visual cortex in response to a visual stimulus, typically a flash of light or a pattern change. VEPs are measured using…