Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
192 results found in artificial intelligence.
- Automatic Image Captioning (AI-Generated Alt Text, Machine-Generated Description, Auto Alt Text)
- The use of computer vision and machine learning algorithms to automatically generate textual descriptions of images without human intervention. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram deplo…
- Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)
- The computational technology and algorithms that automatically convert spoken audio into text transcriptions. ASR systems use acoustic models, language models, and increasingly deep learning approache…
- BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)
- A natural language processing model developed by Google that uses bidirectional training to understand context from both directions in a sentence. BERT and its variants like SBERT (Sentence-BERT) are …
- Be My AI
- An AI-powered feature within the Be My Eyes app that uses GPT-4o to provide on-demand image descriptions for blind and low vision users. Users can take a photo or upload an image and receive a detaile…
- Benchmark dataset (Evaluation dataset, Test benchmark)
- A standardized dataset used to evaluate and compare the performance of AI models, algorithms, or systems against established baselines. In accessibility, the absence of benchmark datasets that include…
- Bias Mitigation (Algorithmic Fairness, Debiasing)
- The process of identifying and reducing systematic errors or prejudices in AI systems, datasets, and algorithms that lead to unfair outcomes for particular groups of people. In accessibility, bias mit…
- Biometric System (Biometric Technology, Biometric Identification)
- A technology system that uses innate human physical or behavioral characteristics — such as facial features, fingerprints, voice patterns, gait, or iris patterns — to identify or verify a person's ide…
- CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training)
- A vision-language model developed by OpenAI that learns to associate images with natural language descriptions through contrastive learning on large-scale image-text pairs. CLIP can compute similarity…
- Cascading classifier (Staged classifier, Multi-stage classifier)
- A machine learning architecture that applies progressively more computationally expensive analysis stages, with each stage filtering out easy-to-classify cases so that only ambiguous instances proceed…
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting (CoT Prompting)
- A technique for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models by instructing them to break down complex tasks into intermediate reasoning steps before producing a final answer. In acce…
- Chatbot (Virtual Assistant, Conversational Agent, Dialog System)
- A software application that uses text or speech to conduct conversations with users, simulating human-like dialogue to provide information, perform tasks, or guide users through processes. In accessib…
- Circumplex Model of Affect (Russell's Circumplex Model, Valence-Arousal Model)
- A psychological framework that represents emotions along two continuous dimensions: valence (pleasure vs. displeasure) and arousal (activation vs. deactivation). Proposed by James Russell in 1980, the…
- Clue and Reasoning Prompting (CARP, Clue-and-Reasoning Prompting)
- A prompt engineering strategy for large language models that instructs the model to first identify textual clues (keywords, phrases, contextual information) in the input and then perform diagnostic re…
- Cognitive Assistance (Cognitive Aid, AI-Powered Assistance, Assisted Cognition)
- Technology that uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to supplement or expand human cognitive and perceptual abilities. In accessibility contexts, cognitive assistance systems recognise pe…
- Computer Vision (CV, Machine Vision)
- A field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret, understand, and extract information from visual data including images and videos. Computer vision technologies—such as object de…
- Confidence Score (Confidence Rating, Certainty Score)
- A numerical measure output by AI systems indicating how certain the system is about a particular result or classification. While confidence scores have been proposed as a way to help users assess AI a…
- Content Moderation (Content Filtering, Automated Content Moderation)
- The process of monitoring and filtering user-generated content on digital platforms, increasingly performed by AI systems. Content moderation has documented negative effects on people with disabilitie…
- Context Retention (Conversational Context, Context Awareness)
- The ability of a voice assistant or AI system to maintain awareness of previous interactions and use that information to interpret subsequent commands correctly. In calendar accessibility, context ret…
- Contextual Learning (Context-Dependent Learning)
- The tendency of both humans and AI systems to learn patterns and behaviours from the surrounding context rather than from abstract rules. In web development, contextual learning means that developers …
- Conversational Agent (Chatbot, Virtual Assistant, AI Assistant)
- A software system that uses natural language processing to engage in dialogue with users, answering questions and providing information through text or speech. In accessibility contexts, conversationa…