Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
192 results found in artificial intelligence.
- Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM, Vision-Language Model, VLM)
- A deep learning model that can process and generate content across multiple types of input including text, images, audio, and video. In accessibility contexts, MLLMs like GPT-4o, Gemini, and Claude ha…
- Natural Language Command (Natural Language Input, Conversational Command)
- A user input expressed in everyday spoken or written language rather than structured syntax or specific command formats. In accessibility contexts, natural language commands enable BLV users to intera…
- Natural Language Generation (NLG, Text Generation)
- A subfield of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics focused on automatically producing human-readable text from structured data or other non-linguistic representations. In accessibilit…
- Natural Language Query (NLQ, Conversational Query, Natural Language Search)
- An interaction paradigm where users pose questions or issue commands in everyday language rather than using structured search syntax, predefined filters, or navigation controls. In accessibility conte…
- Natural Language Understanding (NLU, Intent Recognition, Language Understanding)
- A branch of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret the meaning and intent behind human language input, rather than requiring exact predetermined phrases or commands. In accessibil…
- Neural Network (Artificial Neural Network, ANN)
- A machine learning model inspired by the structure of biological neural networks in the brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes (neurons) that process information by adjusting weighted con…
- OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
- Technology that converts images of text into machine-readable text. In accessibility contexts, OCR is used by visual assistance technologies and screen readers to read printed text from photos, signs,…
- Obfuscation (Content Obfuscation, Visual Obfuscation)
- AI-enabled techniques that automatically detect and remove or conceal private content in images and videos by applying filters such as blurring, masking, or blocking. In the context of visual assistan…
- Object Detection (Object Recognition)
- A computer vision technique that identifies and locates specific objects within images or video frames, typically by drawing bounding boxes around detected items and classifying them. In video accessi…
- Object Recognition (Object Detection)
- A computer vision capability that identifies and classifies objects within images or video frames. In visual assistance technologies, object recognition enables automated description of what the camer…
- Object-Based Cropping (Semantic Cropping, Object-Aware Cropping)
- An image cropping approach that allows users to select which objects to keep in an image rather than specifying pixel coordinates or spatial boundaries. Object-based cropping uses computer vision to i…
- Omission (AI Omission, Information Omission)
- An AI error where the model fails to mention important information that is present in the input. In image descriptions for BLV users, omission can include failing to mention warning labels on medicati…
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR, Text Recognition)
- Technology that converts images of text—whether typed, handwritten, or printed—into machine-readable text data. OCR is used in accessibility to extract text from images, documents, video frames, and r…
- Outlier detection (Anomaly detection, Novelty detection)
- An algorithmic technique that identifies data points or behaviors that deviate significantly from expected patterns, used in fraud detection, quality assurance, CAPTCHAs, and crowd labor platforms. Pe…
- Participatory AI (Community-Centered AI, Participatory Machine Learning)
- An approach to artificial intelligence development that actively involves the communities affected by AI systems in defining problems, setting priorities, designing solutions, collecting data, evaluat…
- Pattern Recognition
- A branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence focused on identifying regularities, patterns, and structures in data such as images, sounds, or sensor readings. In accessibility, pattern rec…
- Pedestrian Detection (Person Detection, Human Detection)
- A computer vision task that identifies and locates people in images or video frames, typically using deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks. In accessibility applications, pedestri…
- Perturbation testing (Counterfactual testing, Template-based testing)
- A bias evaluation methodology for NLP models that systematically substitutes identity-related terms (e.g., disability phrases) in otherwise identical sentences to measure whether the model produces di…
- Predictive AI (Predictive Analytics, Predictive Algorithm)
- AI systems that use machine learning to identify patterns in data and anticipate future outcomes, behaviors, or events. In the context of disability, predictive AI systems have been documented causing…
- Proactive description (Proactive notification, Unsolicited description)
- The ability of an assistive system to automatically provide relevant visual or environmental information without requiring the user to explicitly request it. For blind and visually impaired users navi…