Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
87 results found in visual impairment.
- AI sycophancy (Sycophantic AI, AI agreeableness bias)
- The tendency of AI systems, particularly large language models, to provide overly affirmative, agreeable, or encouraging responses that cater to the user rather than providing accurate information. In…
- Ability assumption in AI (Visual ability assumption, Sighted bias in AI)
- The tendency of AI systems to assume users possess typical sensory, cognitive, or physical abilities, leading to inappropriate responses or instructions. In the context of visual AI assistants for bli…
- Accessible Photography (Blind Photography, Inclusive Photography)
- The practice and technology of enabling people with visual impairments to take, manage, browse, and share photographs. People who are blind or have low vision face challenges at every stage of photogr…
- Audio Game (Audiogame, Audio-Based Game, Accessible Game)
- A video game designed primarily or entirely around audio output rather than visual graphics, making it accessible to players who are blind or have visual impairments. Audio games use techniques such a…
- Audio-Tactile Interface (Audio-Haptic Interface, Multimodal Tactile Interface)
- A user interface that combines tactile (touch-based) interaction with auditory feedback to convey information that is otherwise visual. Audio-tactile interfaces are widely used in accessibility to mak…
- Be My Eyes
- A mobile application that connects blind and low-vision users with sighted volunteers or AI-powered visual assistance for help with visual tasks. Originally launched in 2015 as a crowdsourced human-to…
- Blind-Perspective Training (Non-Visual Training, Blindfold Training)
- An educational and vocational training approach where all learners, regardless of their level of functional vision, are taught skills using non-visual techniques such as touch, hearing, and propriocep…
- Blindness and Low Vision (BLV, visual impairment, vision impairment)
- Blindness and low vision (BLV) collectively describes the spectrum of significant visual impairment ranging from complete absence of sight to partial sight loss that cannot be fully corrected with sta…
- Blocks-Based Programming (Block Programming, Visual Block Programming, BBPE)
- A programming paradigm designed to introduce coding concepts to beginners — particularly children — by representing code as visual, interlocking blocks that are dragged and dropped to construct progra…
- Braille Contractions (Braille Short Forms, Braille Abbreviations)
- Abbreviated representations in Grade 2 braille where a single braille cell or short sequence of cells stands for a common word, letter combination, or word fragment. For example, a single cell can rep…
- Braille Literacy (Braille Reading and Writing)
- The ability to read and write using the braille system, a tactile code of raised dots representing letters, numbers, and symbols. Braille literacy is fundamental to educational achievement, employment…
- Braille Translation Software (Braille Transcription Software, Braille Converter)
- Software that converts print text into braille or braille into print, applying the appropriate contraction rules, formatting conventions, and code systems (such as UEB or Nemeth). Braille translation …
- Braille literacy (Braille fluency)
- The ability to read and write using the Braille tactile writing system of raised dots. Braille literacy rates among blind people have declined significantly — from over 50% in the 1960s to under 10% i…
- Central Vision (Foveal Vision)
- Central vision is the area of sharpest sight in the visual field, corresponding to the fovea at the centre of the retina. It is responsible for detailed tasks such as reading, recognizing faces, and d…
- Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI, Cortical Visual Impairment)
- Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an umbrella term for visual deficits resulting from damage to the brain rather than the eyes. It affects visual perception, including visual acuity, cortical image …
- Cocktail party effect (Selective auditory attention)
- The well-documented human ability to focus auditory attention on a single speech source among multiple simultaneous conversations, while still detecting relevant information (such as one's name) in un…
- Concurrent speech interface (Simultaneous speech, Parallel audio streams)
- An interaction paradigm that presents multiple speech audio streams simultaneously, spatially separated using techniques like head-related transfer functions, to enable users to scan or monitor severa…
- Corrective feedback (Error correction feedback, Instructional feedback)
- Specific information provided to a user after an action that identifies what was done incorrectly and how to improve on the next attempt. In accessible interaction design, corrective feedback for blin…
- Data Sonification (Auditory Data Display, Sonified Data Visualization)
- The systematic mapping of data values to non-speech audio parameters such as pitch, volume, rhythm, timbre, or spatial location to make datasets perceivable through hearing. Data sonification is a key…
- Early Blind (Congenitally Blind, Early Onset Blindness)
- A person who was born blind or lost their vision before approximately age 5-7, before visual memories and spatial concepts based on vision were fully established. Early blind individuals develop spati…