Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
101 results found in conditions.
- Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
- A group of inherited genetic disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the retina, typically beginning with loss of night vision and peripheral vision and potentially leading to tunnel vision o…
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
- A group of inherited genetic disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the retina, typically beginning with loss of night vision and peripheral vision and gradually narrowing the visual field (…
- Scotoma (Blind Spot, Visual Field Defect)
- An area of partial or complete loss of vision within an otherwise normal visual field. Scotomas can be central (affecting the area of sharpest vision) or peripheral, and may be caused by conditions su…
- Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome (Irlen Syndrome, Visual Stress, Meares-Irlen Syndrome)
- A perceptual processing condition in which the brain has difficulty handling certain visual information, particularly high-contrast patterns like black text on a bright white background. People with s…
- Sensory Based Motor Disorder (SBMD)
- A subtype of Sensory Processing Disorder in which the brain has difficulty using sensory information to plan and execute motor actions. SBMD encompasses two sub-types: postural disorder, which affects…
- Sensory Processing (Sensory Integration, Sensory Processing Differences)
- Sensory processing refers to the way the nervous system receives, organizes, and responds to sensory input from the environment, including sound, light, touch, smell, taste, and movement. When sensory…
- Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD, Sensory Integration Disorder, Sensory Integration Dysfunction)
- A condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving, organizing, and responding to sensory information from the environment and the body. People with Sensory Processing Disorder may be oversensiti…
- Speech Disfluency (Disfluent Speech, Non-Fluent Speech)
- Any interruption to the normal flow of speech, including repetitions of sounds or words, prolongations of sounds, blocks (involuntary pauses), interjections, and revisions. While everyone experiences …
- Speech disorder (Speech impairment, Communication disorder)
- A condition that affects an individual's ability to produce speech sounds correctly or fluently, encompassing articulation disorders, fluency disorders, and voice disorders. Speech disorders are signi…
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Damage to the spinal cord that results in partial or complete loss of motor function, sensation, or both below the level of injury. The location of injury along the spine determines which abilities ar…
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Damage to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in motor function, sensation, or autonomic function below the level of injury. Depending on the location and severity, spinal c…
- Stammering (Stuttering, Stammer, Stutter)
- A neurological condition that affects the rhythmic flow of speech, causing involuntary repetitions, prolongations, or blocks of sounds, syllables, or words. Blocking describes audible or silent moment…
- Strabismus (Crossed eyes, Squint, Eye misalignment)
- A condition in which the eyes do not align properly, causing one eye to point in a different direction from the other — inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia or exophoria), upward, or downward. Strab…
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI, Acquired Brain Injury, Head Injury)
- An injury to the brain caused by an external bodily force, typically from road traffic accidents, falls, or other impacts. TBI severity is classified using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): mild (GCS 13-1…
- Upper Body Motor Impairment (Upper Limb Impairment, Upper Extremity Disability)
- A condition affecting the motor function of the arms, hands, or upper body that limits or prevents the use of standard input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. Upper body motor impairm…
- Upper-Body Motor Impairment (Upper Extremity Impairment, Upper Limb Impairment)
- Motor impairments affecting the upper extremities — including the arms, hands, fingers, shoulders, and neck — that limit a person's ability to perform tasks requiring fine motor control, gross motor m…
- Vascular Dementia (Multi-Infarct Dementia, Post-Stroke Dementia)
- A type of dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often resulting from stroke or small vessel disease. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia and typically affects pr…
- Visual Acuity (VA, Sharpness of Vision)
- A measure of the eye's ability to distinguish fine details and shapes at a given distance. Visual acuity is commonly expressed as a Snellen fraction (e.g., 20/20, 20/200) or in logMAR units used in cl…
- Visual Impairment (Vision Impairment, Low Vision, Sight Loss)
- A reduction in the ability to see that cannot be fully corrected with standard glasses, contact lenses, or medical treatment. Visual impairments range from low vision (partial sight) to total blindnes…
- Visual field loss (Peripheral vision loss, Scotoma, Tunnel vision, Visual field defect)
- A reduction in the area of vision that a person can see, either in the periphery (peripheral vision loss or tunnel vision) or in the center (central vision loss or central scotoma). Visual field loss …