Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 147 of 333
- Hyperopia (Farsightedness, Long-Sightedness, Hypermetropia)
- A refractive error in which the eye focuses light behind the retina rather than on it, causing near objects to appear blurred while distant objects may remain relatively clear. Hyperopia occurs when t…
- Hyperstory (Interactive Story, Branching Narrative, Hypertext Story)
- A hyperstory is an interactive, non-linear narrative structure in which users make choices that influence the direction and outcome of the story. Adapted from hypertext concepts, hyperstories combine …
- Hypertext
- A way of organising and presenting textual content in a non-linear manner by breaking it into fragments and describing the relationships between them. A book has chapters in a fixed order, but hyperte…
- Hypervigilance
- A state of heightened alertness and sensitivity to potential threats in one's environment, commonly associated with PTSD, anxiety disorders, and trauma. Hypervigilant individuals may constantly scan f…
- Hypotonia (Low Muscle Tone, Muscle Hypotonia, Floppy Muscle Syndrome)
- A condition characterized by decreased muscle tone, resulting in reduced resistance to passive movement and often affecting posture and motor control. Hypotonia is common in many developmental disabil…
- IAAP (International Association of Accessibility Professionals)
- A professional membership organisation founded in 2014 that defines, promotes, and certifies accessibility professionals worldwide. IAAP offers certification programs including the Certified Professio…
- IAccessible2 (IA2)
- An open accessibility API specification originally developed by IBM and donated to the Linux Foundation. IAccessible2 extends Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) to support the richer semantic infor…
- IBM Home Page Reader (Home Page Reader, HPR)
- IBM Home Page Reader (HPR) was a pioneering voice browser developed by IBM that provided audio-based web browsing for people with visual disabilities. Unlike screen readers that operate as an overlay …
- IC2D (Integrated Communication 2 Draw)
- A drawing application developed at UC Berkeley that enables blind and visually impaired users to create, explore, and label graphical images using a keyboard-operated grid-based auditory interface. IC…
- ICADD (International Committee on Accessible Document Design)
- A non-profit organization that developed techniques for making structured electronic documents accessible to people with print disabilities. ICADD created the SDA (SGML Document Access) mechanism — a …
- ICCHP (International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs)
- A biennial research conference on technology for people with disabilities, held in Europe since 1989. ICCHP provides a peer-reviewed academic venue for accessibility research with a strong European pe…
- ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)
- A framework developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and endorsed by all 191 member states in 2001 for describing and measuring health and disability. The ICF takes a biopsychosocial approach,…
- ICT Accessibility (Information and Communication Technology Accessibility)
- The design and development of information and communication technology products and services so they can be used by people with the widest range of abilities, including those with visual, hearing, mot…
- ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development, ICTD)
- A field of research and practice focused on how information and communication technologies can be designed, deployed, and used to support social and economic development, particularly in low- and midd…
- ICTD (Information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICT4D)
- A research field and practice area focused on designing, deploying, and evaluating information and communication technologies to improve socio-economic outcomes in low-resource and developing contexts…
- IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
- A software application that provides a comprehensive environment for writing, testing, and debugging code. Common IDEs include Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Xcode. In accessibility contexts, …
- IDE Accessibility (Accessible IDE, Development Environment Accessibility)
- IDE accessibility refers to making integrated development environments — the software applications used for writing, testing, and debugging code — usable by developers with disabilities. IDEs like Vis…
- IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
- A United States federal law enacted in 1990 (reauthorized in 2004) that guarantees students with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environme…
- IDEIA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, IDEA 2004)
- The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, which reauthorized and amended the original IDEA legislation. IDEIA strengthened requirements for highly qualified special educatio…
- IEP (Individualized Education Program, Individualized Education Plan)
- A legally mandated written plan in the United States, developed annually by a team including parents, teachers, and specialists, that sets out the specific educational goals, services, accommodations,…