Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Web not for all: a large scale study of web accessibility

  Rui Lopes, Daniel Gomes, Luís Carriço (2010) — Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the first large-scale automated accessibility evaluation of nearly 30 million web pages from the Portuguese Web Archive. The researchers implemented 39 WCAG 1.0 checkpoints (priorities 1 and 2) based on the Unified Web Evaluation …

  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • WCAG compliance
  • web science
  • accessibility metrics
  • large-scale study

• AChecker: open, interactive, customizable, web accessibility checking

  Greg Gay, Cindy Qi Li (2010) — Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces AChecker, an open-source web accessibility checker developed at the University of Toronto's Adaptive Technology Resource Centre. AChecker was designed to address two fundamental shortcomings of existing accessibility evaluation …

  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • open source
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility tools

• Crosschecking the Mobile Web for People with Visual Impairments

  Luís Carriço, Rui Lopes, Rogério Bandeira (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a framework for evaluating mobile web accessibility for specific disability profiles by coherently merging three sets of guidelines: WCAG (web accessibility), W3C Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP), and disability classifications fr…

  • mobile accessibility
  • blind and low vision
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility evaluation
  • web standards
  • user research

• An Educational Tool for Generating Inaccessible Page Examples Based on WCAG 2.0 Failures

  Atheer S. Al-Khalifa, Hend S. Al-Khalifa (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the Accessibility Example Generator (AEG), an online educational tool from King Saud University and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, designed to help instructors create modular examples of inaccessib…

  • accessibility education
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility evaluation
  • accessibility tools
  • web development

• WaaT: Personalised Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool

  Theofanis Oikonomou, Nikolaos Kaklanis, Konstantinos Votis, Grammati-Eirini Kastori, Nikolaos Partarakis, Dimitrios Tzovaras (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents WaaT (Web Accessibility Assessment Tool), a personalized accessibility evaluation tool that allows developers to assess web content against specific disability profiles, assistive technologies, and personas rather than running a g…

  • accessibility evaluation
  • automated testing
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility tools
  • personas
  • barrier walkthrough
  • ontology

• Accessible Icon Design in Enterprise Applications

  Eric Stilan, Amy Chen, Lulit Bezuayehu (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper from Oracle's design team presents case studies of designing accessible icons for enterprise software, focusing on the challenge of conveying complex meanings — conditional status, severity levels, data trends — within 16x16 pixel icons wi…

  • visual design
  • color contrast
  • color blindness
  • accessible design
  • user interface design
  • internationalization
  • WCAG compliance

• Getting One Voice: Tuning Up Experts' Assessment in Measuring Accessibility

  Silvia Mirri, Paola Salomoni, Ludovico A. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli (2012) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in web accessibility evaluation: how to reconcile the subjective assessments of multiple human experts into a single, reliable accessibility measurement. While automated testing tools produce binary pass/f…

  • accessibility metrics
  • accessibility evaluation
  • manual evaluation
  • automated testing
  • expert assessment
  • WCAG compliance

• Investigating the Appropriateness and Relevance of Mobile Web Accessibility Guidelines

  Raphael Clegg-Vinell, Christopher Bailey, Voula Gkatzidou (2014) — Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from AbilityNet and Brunel University examines whether real accessibility issues found during mobile user testing can be effectively mapped to existing guidelines — specifically WCAG 2.0 and the W3C Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP) 1.0. Fi…

  • mobile accessibility
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility testing
  • usability testing
  • accessibility standards
  • touchscreen accessibility
  • guidelines

• HEUA: A Heuristic Evaluation with Usability and Accessibility Requirements to Assess Web Systems

  Ana Luiza Dias, Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes, Paulo Cesar Masiero (2014) — Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from the University of Sao Paulo presents HEUA (Heuristic Evaluation with Usability and Accessibility), a questionnaire-based instrument that integrates usability and accessibility assessment into a single evaluation framework for web syst…

  • accessibility testing
  • usability testing
  • heuristic evaluation
  • evaluation methods
  • web accessibility
  • WCAG compliance
  • quality assurance

• Global Considerations in Creating an Organizational Web Accessibility Policy

  David Sloan, Sarah Horton (2014) — Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from The Paciello Group examines the legislative and policy landscape for web accessibility across five countries — Australia, Brazil, China, India, and South Africa — to help multinational organisations develop global accessibility polici…

  • accessibility policy
  • accessibility law
  • global accessibility
  • WCAG compliance
  • organizational accessibility
  • disability rights
  • copyright accessibility
  • PDF accessibility