Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Web not for all: a large scale study of web accessibility

  Rui Lopes, Daniel Gomes, Luís Carriço (2010) — Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the first large-scale automated accessibility evaluation of nearly 30 million web pages from the Portuguese Web Archive. The researchers implemented 39 WCAG 1.0 checkpoints (priorities 1 and 2) based on the Unified Web Evaluation …

  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • WCAG compliance
  • web science
  • accessibility metrics
  • large-scale study

• AChecker: open, interactive, customizable, web accessibility checking

  Greg Gay, Cindy Qi Li (2010) — Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper introduces AChecker, an open-source web accessibility checker developed at the University of Toronto's Adaptive Technology Resource Centre. AChecker was designed to address two fundamental shortcomings of existing accessibility evaluation …

  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • open source
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility tools

• An Integrative Accessibility Engineering Approach Using Multidimensional Classifications of Barriers in the Web

  Diana Ruth-Janneck (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents multidimensional classifications of web accessibility barriers derived from the large-scale German study "Web2.0/Accessible," commissioned by Aktion Mensch, which surveyed 671 disabled internet users via an accessible online quest…

  • accessibility barriers
  • accessibility evaluation
  • user research
  • web accessibility
  • software engineering
  • organizational accessibility
  • cognitive accessibility
  • deaf accessibility

• Crosschecking the Mobile Web for People with Visual Impairments

  Luís Carriço, Rui Lopes, Rogério Bandeira (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a framework for evaluating mobile web accessibility for specific disability profiles by coherently merging three sets of guidelines: WCAG (web accessibility), W3C Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP), and disability classifications fr…

  • mobile accessibility
  • blind and low vision
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility evaluation
  • web standards
  • user research

• An Educational Tool for Generating Inaccessible Page Examples Based on WCAG 2.0 Failures

  Atheer S. Al-Khalifa, Hend S. Al-Khalifa (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents the Accessibility Example Generator (AEG), an online educational tool from King Saud University and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, designed to help instructors create modular examples of inaccessib…

  • accessibility education
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility evaluation
  • accessibility tools
  • web development

• WaaT: Personalised Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool

  Theofanis Oikonomou, Nikolaos Kaklanis, Konstantinos Votis, Grammati-Eirini Kastori, Nikolaos Partarakis, Dimitrios Tzovaras (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents WaaT (Web Accessibility Assessment Tool), a personalized accessibility evaluation tool that allows developers to assess web content against specific disability profiles, assistive technologies, and personas rather than running a g…

  • accessibility evaluation
  • automated testing
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility tools
  • personas
  • barrier walkthrough
  • ontology

• Evaluating the Accessibility of Rich Internet Applications

  Nádia Fernandes, Daniel Costa, Sergio Neves, Carlos Duarte, Luís Carriço (2012) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a critical gap in automated accessibility evaluation: most tools only assess the initial HTML served to the browser, missing the dynamically generated content that defines modern Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). Web application…

  • automated testing
  • web accessibility
  • rich internet applications
  • AJAX
  • dynamic content
  • DOM manipulation
  • accessibility evaluation

• AMAri: A Reporting Interface for Accessibility Evaluations

  Silvia Mirri, Matteo Casadei, Ludovico A. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli, Paola Salomoni (2012) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This short paper presents AMAri (Accessibility Monitoring Application Reporting Interface), an open-source web-based tool designed to make large-scale accessibility evaluation data understandable and actionable for distributed web authoring and edito…

  • accessibility monitoring
  • accessibility evaluation
  • data visualization
  • accessibility tools
  • reporting
  • accessibility dashboards

• MIPAW: Modele of a Progressive Implementation of Web Accessibility

  Jean-Pierre Villain, Olivier Nourry (2012) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents MIPAW (Modele of a Progressive Implementation of Web Accessibility), a framework for reorganizing WCAG criteria into a user-centric, phased implementation model. The authors, who lead the AccessiWeb reference list — the most widel…

  • WCAG implementation
  • progressive enhancement
  • accessibility strategy
  • quality assurance
  • accessibility evaluation
  • organizational accessibility

• Getting One Voice: Tuning Up Experts' Assessment in Measuring Accessibility

  Silvia Mirri, Paola Salomoni, Ludovico A. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli (2012) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in web accessibility evaluation: how to reconcile the subjective assessments of multiple human experts into a single, reliable accessibility measurement. While automated testing tools produce binary pass/f…

  • accessibility metrics
  • accessibility evaluation
  • manual evaluation
  • automated testing
  • expert assessment
  • WCAG compliance