Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• An Optimal Sampling Method for Web Accessibility Quantitative Metric

  Mengni Zhang, Can Wang, Jiajun Bu, Zhi Yu, Yi Lu, Ruijie Zhang, Chun Chen (2015) — Proceedings of the 12th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2015)

  This short paper proposes OPS-WAQM, an optimal page sampling method specifically designed for use with the Web Accessibility Quantitative Metric (WAQM) when evaluating large websites. The core problem is that evaluating every page of a large website …

  • accessibility evaluation
  • sampling methods
  • accessibility metrics
  • WAQM
  • large-scale evaluation
  • government websites
  • quantitative metrics
  • statistical methods

• A Proposal to Adapt the Semiotic Inspection Method to Analyze Screen Reader Mediated Interaction

  Lucas Pedroso Carvalho, Raquel Oliveira Prates, André Pimenta Freire (2019) — Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC 2019)

  This paper proposes SIM-SR (Semiotic Inspection Method for Screen Reader mediated interaction), an adaptation of the Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM) from Semiotic Engineering theory to evaluate how screen readers mediate the communication between de…

  • semiotic engineering
  • screen readers
  • communicability
  • blind users
  • low vision
  • accessibility evaluation
  • metamessage
  • JAWS
  • Moodle

• An Accessibility Evaluation Platform: Borrowing from Web 2.0

  Yui-Liang Chen, Gina Lin (2008) — Proceedings of the 2008 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes a community-driven Accessibility Evaluation Platform for Taiwan, drawing on Web 2.0 principles to supplement the government-led accessibility compliance program administered by the Research, Development & Evaluation Commission (RD…

  • accessibility evaluation
  • web 2.0
  • crowdsourcing
  • community review
  • Taiwan
  • government accessibility
  • social learning
  • accessibility policy

• Evaluation of Assistive Technologies from the perspective of Usability, User Experience and Accessibility: a Systematic Mapping Study

  Tatiany Xavier de Godoi, Guilherme Corredato Guerino, Natasha Malveira C. Valentim (2021) — Proceedings of the XX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC)

  This systematic mapping study (SMS) investigates how assistive technologies (ATs) are evaluated from the perspectives of usability, user experience (UX), and accessibility — three interrelated but distinct software quality factors. The authors search…

  • assistive technology
  • usability
  • user experience
  • accessibility evaluation
  • systematic review
  • research methodology
  • AT abandonment
  • evaluation instruments
  • quality assurance

• Web Accessibility Highlights and Trends

  Judy Brewer (2004) — Proceedings of the 2004 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  Written by Judy Brewer, Director of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, this paper provides an authoritative overview of the state of web accessibility standards and their implementation as of 2004. Brewer describes the three complementary WAI guid…

  • WCAG
  • WAI
  • W3C
  • standards harmonization
  • accessibility policy
  • accessibility evaluation
  • authoring tools
  • browser accessibility
  • accessibility guidelines

• Guideline Aggregation: Web Accessibility Evaluation for Older Users

  Giorgio Brajnik, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper (2009) — Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper proposes using set theory to create an aggregated accessibility evaluation category for older users by combining barrier types identified for motor impaired and low vision users within the Barrier Walkthrough (BW) method. Traditional valid…

  • older users
  • accessibility evaluation
  • barrier walkthrough
  • low vision
  • motor impairment
  • multiple disabilities
  • expert evaluation
  • aging
  • personalized accessibility

• 2005 Accessibility Diagnosis on the Government Web Sites in Taiwan, R.O.C.

  Yui-Liang Chen, Yen-Yu Chen, Monica Shao (2006) — Proceedings of the 2006 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This study assessed the accessibility of 117 Taiwanese government websites in 2005 using the Freego Stand-Alone Validation Tool, developed by Taiwan's Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (RDEC) under the Executive Yuan. Taiwan had establi…

  • government accessibility
  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • WCAG compliance
  • accessibility policy
  • East Asian accessibility
  • conformance levels

• Quantitative Metrics for Measuring Web Accessibility

  Markel Vigo, Myriam Arrue, Giorgio Brajnik, Raffaella Lomuscio, Julio Abascal (2007) — Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental limitation of WCAG conformance levels (A, AA, AAA): they function as binary pass/fail thresholds that cannot distinguish between a site meeting all Priority 1 checkpoints and one meeting all Priority 1 plus nearly a…

  • accessibility metrics
  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • quality assurance
  • web accessibility monitoring
  • WCAG conformance
  • accessibility measurement

• Hera-FFX: a Firefox add-on for semi-automatic web accessibility evaluation

  José L. Fuertes, Ricardo González, Emmanuelle Gutiérrez, Loïc Martínez (2009) — Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper presents Hera-FFX, a Firefox browser add-on for semi-automatic web accessibility evaluation against WCAG 1.0, developed as a complete redesign of the earlier Hera online tool. The authors first establish a comprehensive list of 11 desirabl…

  • accessibility evaluation
  • evaluation tools
  • semi-automatic evaluation
  • browser extensions
  • WCAG 1.0
  • manual evaluation

• Developing Hera-FFX for WCAG 2.0

  José L. Fuertes, Emmanuelle Gutiérrez, Loïc Martínez (2011) — Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)

  This paper describes the redesign of Hera-FFX, a Mozilla Firefox extension for semi-automatic web accessibility evaluation, to support WCAG 2.0. The original Hera-FFX was built around WCAG 1.0's simpler two-level structure of guidelines and checkpoin…

  • accessibility evaluation
  • evaluation tools
  • WCAG 2.0
  • semi-automatic evaluation
  • browser extensions
  • manual evaluation