Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Decidos: Accessible, Usable and Secure Voting in Low-stakes Elections Using Identity Wallets

  Floris Jansen, Hanna Schraffenberger, Bart Jacobs (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Jansen, Schraffenberger, and Jacobs (Radboud University) propose Decidos, a prototype web-based election platform designed for low-stakes elections — student councils, homeowners associations, small shareholder meetings, local citizen consultations —…

  • voting accessibility
  • e-voting
  • internet voting
  • identity wallet
  • verifiable credentials
  • privacy
  • security
  • civic participation
  • plain language
  • WCAG

• Measuring the Semantic Accessibility Gap in LLM-Generated Web UIs

  Tommaso Calo, Alexandra-Elena Gurita, Luigi De Russis (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Calo, Gurita, and De Russis investigate a blind spot of mainstream automated accessibility tools: while scanners like Axe-core reliably catch missing alt attributes or unlabelled form fields (syntactic violations), they cannot tell whether the values…

  • web accessibility
  • large language models
  • LLM code generation
  • semantic accessibility
  • WCAG
  • LLM-as-judge
  • automated testing
  • alt text
  • ARIA
  • AI and accessibility

• Real-Time Accessibility Dashboards for Higher Education

  Beatriz Patatas, Carlos Duarte, Leticia Seixas Pereira (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Patatas, Duarte, and Seixas Pereira (University of Lisbon and University of Porto) present an open-source Moodle plugin that integrates real-time PDF accessibility evaluation into the content-upload workflow and aggregates results into an institution…

  • higher education accessibility
  • learning management system
  • Moodle
  • PDF accessibility
  • accessibility monitoring
  • accessibility dashboard
  • inclusive education
  • WCAG
  • remediation
  • organisational accessibility

• TaskAudit: Detecting Functiona11ity Errors in Mobile Apps via Agentic Task Execution

  Mingyuan Zhong, Xia Chen, Davin Win Kyi, Chen Li, James Fogarty, Jacob O. Wobbrock (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper introduces TaskAudit, an automated accessibility evaluation system for mobile apps that detects what the authors coin 'functiona11ity errors' — accessibility barriers that only manifest through interaction, where a UI's static sta…

  • mobile accessibility
  • accessibility auditing
  • automated accessibility testing
  • generative agents
  • large language models
  • screen readers
  • TalkBack
  • WCAG
  • Android
  • agentic AI

• Nonvisual Support for Understanding and Reasoning about Data Structures

  Brianna L. Wimer, Ritesh Kanchi, Kaija Frierson, Venkatesh Potluri, Ronald A. Metoyer, Jennifer Mankoff, Miya Natsuhara, Matt X. Wang (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  Wimer, Kanchi, and colleagues present Arboretum, a web-based system that generates accessible representations of introductory data structure diagrams (arrays and binary trees) for blind and visually impaired (BVI) computer science students. The autho…

  • blind and low vision
  • BVI
  • screen readers
  • tactile graphics
  • data structures
  • computer science education
  • accessible diagrams
  • diagramming
  • nonvisual interaction
  • multimodal access
  • WAI-ARIA
  • WCAG
  • Mermaid
  • Graphviz
  • wizard of oz
  • accessible education

• Bridging the Gap between Automated Intervention and Actual User Experience: A Mixed-Methods Study on Mobile Accessibility Issues for Screen Reader Users

  Syed Fatiul Huq, Ziyao He, Yirui He, Sam Malek (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper by Huq, He, He, and Malek (UC Irvine) argues that existing automated accessibility testing tools for mobile apps do not faithfully represent what blind screen reader users actually experience, and proposes a user-aware categorisat…

  • mobile accessibility
  • screen readers
  • TalkBack
  • automated accessibility testing
  • software accessibility
  • accessibility user testing
  • Android accessibility
  • WCAG
  • systematic literature review
  • blindness and low vision

• AXECC: Benchmarking the Privacy and Accessibility Impact of Browser Extensions

  James Clarke, Maryam Mehrnezhad, Ehsan Toreini (2026) — ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security

  This paper presents AXECC, a novel automated framework for jointly measuring the web-tracking behaviour and accessibility impact of browser extensions at scale. The authors argue that while browser extensions are widely installed to improve the brows…

  • browser extensions
  • web tracking
  • privacy
  • accessibility testing
  • automated testing
  • WCAG
  • WAVE
  • Lighthouse
  • dark mode
  • screen readers
  • assistive technology

• AccessQuest: A Game-Based Approach to Digital Accessibility Education

  P D Parthasarathy, Swaroop Joshi (2026) — ACM Transactions on Computing Education

  Parthasarathy and Joshi present AccessQuest, a single-player, role-playing platformer that teaches five WCAG 2.1 Level A success criteria — text alternatives (1.1.1), captions for pre-recorded content (1.2.2), transcripts for audio-only content (1.2.…

  • accessibility education
  • game-based learning
  • serious games
  • WCAG
  • computing education
  • gamification
  • design-based research
  • role-playing game
  • higher education

• Accessibility Education for Software Engineers: Evaluating the Impact of Game-Based Learning

  P D Parthasarathy, Swaroop Joshi (2026) — ACM Transactions on Computing Education

  Parthasarathy and Joshi address a persistent industry problem: despite 25 years of WCAG, only 5.2% of top web homepages fully conform, and organizations consistently report that staff lack accessibility skills. Academic curricula are slowly integrati…

  • accessibility education
  • game-based learning
  • serious games
  • WCAG
  • software engineering
  • gamification
  • workplace training
  • design-based research

• Effects of sampling methods on web accessibility evaluations

  Giorgio Brajnik, Andrea Mulas, Claudia Pitton (2007) — Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  Brajnik, Mulas, and Pitton's Assets '07 paper is a large, careful empirical investigation of the sampling step in web-accessibility evaluation — the step at which an evaluator picks which pages of a site to actually test. For any site above a trivial…

  • web accessibility
  • accessibility evaluation
  • sampling methods
  • accessibility metrics
  • conformance testing
  • automated testing
  • WCAG
  • quality assurance
  • research methodology
  • accessibility audit