Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• ArtfulSign: A Closed-Loop, Semantics-Grounded Mobile System for Learning Chinese Sign Language

  Yuan Zhao, Yueran Wang, Chenglong Tan, Siyang Tong, Dengfeng Yao, Wei Zhen (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  ArtfulSign is a mobile iOS application that reframes Chinese Sign Language (CSL) learning as an embodied skill practiced through short closed-loop interaction cycles rather than passive video consumption. The authors argue that most existing sign lan…

  • Chinese Sign Language
  • sign language learning
  • embodied learning
  • closed-loop interaction
  • semantic grounding
  • mobile accessibility
  • on-device recognition
  • deaf accessibility
  • iconicity
  • practice-based learning

• Reimagining Sign Language Technologies: Analyzing Translation Work of Chinese Deaf Online Content Creators

  Xinru Tang, Anne Marie Piper (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  Tang and Piper investigate the translation practices of thirteen deaf Chinese online content creators who produce sign language videos for Kuaishou, Bilibili, Douyin, WeChat, and Xiaohongshu, reaching audiences that range from thousands to nearly a q…

  • sign language
  • deaf accessibility
  • sign language translation
  • content creators
  • translanguaging
  • Chinese Sign Language
  • deaf culture
  • AI accessibility
  • multimodal communication
  • video accessibility

• Web-based Chinese sign language broadcasting system

  Dengfeng Yao, Yunfeng Qiu, Harry Huang (2009) — Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A)

  This paper presents a web-based Chinese Sign Language (CSL) Broadcasting System that automatically translates text on web pages into animated 3D sign language gestures displayed through a browser plugin. The system addresses an often-overlooked acces…

  • sign language
  • deaf accessibility
  • sign language synthesis
  • 3D animation
  • Chinese Sign Language
  • text-to-sign
  • web accessibility
  • multilingual access