Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• FAME: Exploring Expressive Facial Avatars for Lyrical and Non-Lyrical Music Visualization for d/Deaf Individuals

  Suhyeon Yoo, Yifang Pan, Ashish Ajin Thomas, Karan Singh, Khai N. Truong (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This CHI 2026 paper investigates whether expressive facial avatars can carry the emotional and structural richness of music — rhythm, pitch, melody, lyrics, and emotion — to d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) audiences in ways that captions and abstrac…

  • Deaf music
  • DHH
  • music accessibility
  • facial avatar
  • music visualization
  • scat singing
  • captions
  • lip-sync
  • sign language
  • aural diversity
  • design probe
  • multimodal interaction
  • Deaf culture

• AudioDraw: User Preferences in Non-Visual Diagram Drawing for Touchscreens

  William Grussenmeyer, Eelke Folmer (2016) — Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates how people who are blind can independently create visual diagrams on touchscreen tablets, addressing a significant gap in accessibility. Diagram-building features in productivity tools like MS Word, PowerPoint, and UML editors…

  • blindness
  • touchscreen accessibility
  • diagram creation
  • non-visual interaction
  • STEM accessibility
  • assistive technology
  • design probe
  • user-centred design

• Reimagining Machine Learning's Role in Assistive Technology by Co-Designing Exergames with Children Using a Participatory Machine Learning Design Probe

  Jared Duval, Laia Turmo Vidal, Elena Márquez Segura, Yinchu Li, Annika Waern (2023) — Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2023)

  This paper fundamentally reframes the role of machine learning in assistive technology, arguing that ML models do not need to be accurate to be valuable — they can serve as sources of play and motivation rather than diagnostic tools. The researchers …

  • machine learning
  • participatory design
  • exergames
  • children
  • sensory processing
  • physical therapy
  • co-design
  • game accessibility
  • assistive technology
  • design probe

• VizXpress: Towards Expressive Visual Content by Blind Creators Through AI Support

  Lotus Zhang, Zhuohao (Jerry) Zhang, Gina Clepper, Franklin Mingzhe Li, Patrick Carrington, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Leah Findlater (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates how blind individuals engage with and desire to create expressive visual content — moving beyond the functional accessibility tasks (like privacy preservation or layout correction) that prior research has focused on. The autho…

  • blindness
  • visual expression
  • creativity support
  • AI accessibility
  • image editing
  • vision-language model
  • screen reader
  • aesthetic feedback
  • design probe
  • generative AI

• Exploring The Affordances of Game-Aware Streaming to Support Blind and Low Vision Viewers: A Design Probe Study

  Noor Hammad, Frank Elavsky, Sanika Moharana, Jessie Chen, Seyoung Lee, Patrick Carrington, Dominik Moritz, Jessica Hammer, Erik Harpstead (2024) — Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '24)

  This paper investigates how game-aware streaming systems can be made accessible to blind and low-vision (BLV) viewers on platforms like Twitch. Live game streaming is a major social and entertainment medium, but the experience is overwhelmingly visua…

  • game accessibility
  • blind and low vision
  • live streaming
  • Twitch
  • sonification
  • design probe
  • spectator experience