Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Providing access to graphical user interfaces — not graphical screens

  W. Keith Edwards, Elizabeth D. Mynatt, Kathryn Stockton (1994) — Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '94)

  This paper argues that screen readers for graphical user interfaces should provide access to application interfaces at the semantic level rather than merely translating graphical screen contents. The authors from Georgia Tech's GVU Center identify th…

  • GUI accessibility
  • screen readers
  • accessibility API
  • blind and low vision
  • auditory interface
  • off-screen model
  • software architecture
  • X Window System

• Screen Reader/2: Access to OS/2 and the Graphical User Interface

  Jim Thatcher (1994) — Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '94)

  This paper describes IBM Screen Reader/2, a screen access system that enabled blind users to interact with the OS/2 graphical user interface (GUI), Windows programs running under OS/2, and text-mode DOS and OS/2 programs. The system evolved from near…

  • screen readers
  • graphical user interface
  • blind users
  • off-screen model
  • text-to-speech
  • GUI accessibility
  • IBM

• Interface modeling issues in providing access to GUIs for the visually impaired (panel session)

  A. D. N. Edwards, E. D. Mynatt, J. Thatcher (1994) — Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '94)

  This Assets '94 panel session brought together three leading researchers to discuss the fundamental challenge of making graphical user interfaces accessible to blind and visually impaired users. By 1994, the computing world was rapidly transitioning …

  • GUI accessibility
  • screen reader
  • blind users
  • off-screen model
  • interface modeling
  • visual impairment
  • non-visual interaction
  • panel session