Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
40 results found in Conditions.
- Agnosia
- A neurological condition in which a person has difficulty recognising familiar objects, faces, places, sounds, or other sensory stimuli despite intact basic sensory function and general cognition. Spe…
- Alexithymia
- A subclinical condition in which a person has marked difficulty identifying, describing, and distinguishing their own emotions, often accompanied by an externally oriented thinking style and limited i…
- Anomalous Trichromacy (Anomalous Trichromatic Vision)
- A category of colour vision deficiency where all three types of cone cells are present but one type has a shifted sensitivity range, resulting in altered colour perception that is less severe than dic…
- Anxiety (Anxiety Disorder)
- An emotional and physiological state characterised by apprehension about future threats, accompanied by heightened autonomic arousal (elevated heart rate, muscle tension, shallow breathing), attention…
- Astigmatism
- A common refractive error caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances. The cornea is shaped more like a rugby ball than a sphere, causing …
- Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR, CDR Scale)
- The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is a five-point staging scale used to characterise the severity of dementia, originally developed by Hughes and colleagues at Washington University in 1982. A clinic…
- Colour Vision Deficiency (CVD, Color Blindness, Colour Blindness, Color Vision Deficiency)
- A condition in which a person has difficulty distinguishing between certain colours due to differences in the cone cells of the retina. CVD affects approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women worldwi…
- Deuteranomaly (Deutan Anomalous Trichromacy)
- The most common type of colour vision deficiency, where the medium-wavelength (green) cone cells have a shifted sensitivity range. Deuteranomaly is a milder form of deutan CVD compared to deuteranopia…
- Deuteranopia (Deutan Dichromacy, Green-Blind)
- A type of colour vision deficiency caused by the complete absence of medium-wavelength (green) cone cells in the retina. Deuteranopia is the most common form of dichromacy, causing difficulty distingu…
- Dichromacy (Dichromatic Vision)
- A category of colour vision deficiency in which one of the three types of cone cells is completely absent, reducing colour perception to two primary channels instead of three. The three forms are prot…
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD, Duchenne MD)
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome. It primari…
- Epilepsy (Seizure Disorder)
- A chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy affects roughly 1% of the population globally and spans a…
- Facial Palsy (Bell's Palsy, Facial Paralysis, Unilateral Facial Palsy, UFP)
- Facial palsy is a condition involving weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles, typically caused by damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Bell's palsy is the most common form, appearing s…
- Intention Tremor (Cerebellar Tremor, Action Tremor)
- A type of tremor that appears or worsens during voluntary, goal-directed movement — particularly as a limb approaches its target — and is typically absent at rest. Intention tremor is most often cause…
- Loudness Recruitment (Recruitment, Hyperacusis-like Recruitment)
- Loudness recruitment is a common consequence of sensorineural hearing loss in which the range between 'just audible' and 'uncomfortably loud' sounds is compressed — quiet sounds are harder to hear, bu…
- Motor Neuron Disease (MND, ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's Disease)
- A group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells controlling voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing. ALS (amyotrophic later…
- Motor Skill (Motor Skills, Gross Motor Skill, Fine Motor Skill)
- A motor skill is a learned ability to produce a coordinated movement of muscles to achieve an outcome, ranging from gross-motor actions like walking, jumping, and balancing to fine-motor actions like …
- Neurodivergence (Neurodiversity, Neurodivergent)
- The natural variation in human neurological development and functioning that includes conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, anxiety disorders, intellectual disabilities, and other neurological di…
- Osteoarthritis (OA, Degenerative Joint Disease)
- The most common form of arthritis, caused by progressive breakdown of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones. Osteoarthritis produces joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motio…
- Paralysis (Paralyzed, Paresis)
- The partial or complete loss of voluntary muscle function, resulting from damage to the motor nervous system. Common causes include spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, motor neuron dis…