Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
45 results found in Deaf Accessibility.
- AI-Generated Speech (Synthetic Speech, AI Speech)
- Speech audio produced by artificial intelligence systems — typically neural text-to-speech or voice cloning models — rather than recorded from a human speaker. Deaf and hard-of-hearing content creator…
- Acoustic Event Detection (Sound Event Detection, Audio Event Detection, Sound Event Classification)
- The automated process of identifying and classifying specific sounds within an audio stream, such as recognizing a phone ringing, door knocking, fire alarm, or speech from continuous environmental aud…
- British Sign Language (BSL)
- The primary sign language used by deaf communities in the United Kingdom, recognized as an official language under the British Sign Language Act 2022. BSL is distinct from American Sign Language (ASL)…
- CART (Communication Access Realtime Translation, Computer-Aided Real-Time Translation)
- A real-time captioning service in which a trained stenographer uses a specialized keyboard to transcribe spoken language into text as it is spoken, typically achieving accuracy rates above 98%. CART i…
- Chinese Sign Language (CSL, Zhongguo Shouyu)
- Chinese Sign Language (CSL) is the primary sign language used by the deaf community in mainland China. Like all sign languages, CSL has its own grammar, syntax, and vocabulary that are distinct from s…
- Chroma Key (Green Screen, Blue Screen, Chroma Keying)
- A video-post-production technique in which a solid, uniformly coloured background (often green or blue) is replaced with another image, video, or transparency using colour-matching software. In access…
- Deaf-Accented Speech (Deaf Accent, Deaf-Accented English)
- Speech produced by Deaf or Hard of Hearing people whose articulation, prosody, and voicing patterns differ from typical hearing speakers because the speaker has limited or no auditory feedback for the…
- Game Captioning (Video Game Captions, Gaming Subtitles, In-Game Captions)
- The practice of displaying text representations of dialogue, sound effects, and other audio content within video games for deaf and hard-of-hearing players. Game captioning differs from film or televi…
- Isolated Sign Recognition (ISR, ISLR)
- A computer vision and machine learning task focused on identifying individual signs from video recordings where each video contains a single sign production, as opposed to continuous sign language rec…
- Korean Sign Language (KSL, Suhwa)
- The primary sign language of the Deaf community in South Korea, with its own grammar, vocabulary, and regional variation, and legally recognized as an official language of Korea under the Korean Sign …
- Lexical Signing (Lexical Sign, LS)
- In American Sign Language and related signed languages, the production of meaning by syntactically combining individual lexical signs drawn from the language's vocabulary — analogous to combining word…
- Machine Translation (MT, Automated Translation)
- Machine translation is the use of computer software to automatically translate text or speech from one language to another. In accessibility contexts, machine translation is particularly relevant to s…
- Mainstream Education (Mainstreaming, Inclusive Education, Integrated Classroom)
- The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside non-disabled peers, rather than in separate special education settings. Mainstreaming emerged from disabi…
- Music Psychotherapy
- A form of music therapy that uses musical activities — songwriting, improvisation, lyric analysis, receptive listening — to address emotional, psychological, and relational concerns rather than sensor…
- National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID)
- The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID), one of the nine colleges of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), is the first and largest technical college in the world for students who are …
- Non-Manual Signals (Non-Manual Markers, NMS, NMM, Non-Manual Features)
- Linguistic information conveyed through parts of the body other than the hands in sign languages, including facial expressions, mouth movements, eye gaze, head tilts, head shakes, and body shifts. In …
- Non-Manual Signs (Non-Manual Markers, NMS, NMM)
- Components of sign language that are produced without the hands, including facial expressions, mouth movements, eye gaze direction, head tilts, body posture, and shoulder shifts. Non-manual signs are …
- Pidgin Signed English (PSE, Contact Signing, Sign Supported English)
- A hybrid communication system that combines elements of American Sign Language (ASL) and English. In PSE, signers use ASL signs for the main content words of an English sentence, following English wor…
- Post-lingual Deafness (Post-linguistic Deafness, Acquired Deafness, Late-Onset Deafness)
- Deafness that occurs after a person has acquired spoken language, meaning they have existing literacy in written and spoken language. Post-lingual deaf users can typically read and write fluently, mak…
- Postlingual Deafness (Postlingually Deaf, Acquired Hearing Loss)
- Hearing loss that occurs after a person has acquired spoken language, typically after about age three to five. Postlingually deaf people usually retain spoken-language fluency, literacy, and memory of…