Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
45 results found in Deaf and Hard of Hearing.
- Lecture Captioning (Classroom Captioning, Lecture Transcription)
- The real-time or post-production conversion of spoken lecture content into text, displayed to students during or after a class session. Lecture captioning can be performed by human captioners (such as…
- Lecture Capture (Lecture Recording, Classroom Recording)
- The process of recording classroom lectures, presentations, or educational sessions using video, audio, and screen capture technology for later review by students. Lecture capture systems range from s…
- MobileASL
- A research project from the University of Washington that developed video compression technology enabling real-time, two-way American Sign Language (ASL) video communication on mobile phones. MobileAS…
- Motion Design (Motion Graphics, Motion-Driven Design)
- The practice of animating graphic elements - text, icons, diagrams, captions - in time-based media to communicate instructional content. In accessible educational video, motion design is used to guide…
- NER Model (Number, Edition, Recognition Model, NER Accuracy Model)
- A caption-quality evaluation model developed by Pablo Romero-Fresco and Juan Martínez Pérez for measuring the accuracy of live subtitling and respeaking. Unlike Word Error Rate, which penalises all er…
- Re-speaking (Respeaking, Speech-to-Text Relay)
- A captioning technique in which a trained operator listens to a speaker and repeats (re-speaks) their words clearly into a high-quality microphone in a controlled environment, allowing automatic speec…
- Remote Captioning (Remote CART, Remote Real-Time Captioning)
- A live captioning service delivered at a distance, in which a human captioner (CART provider) or automatic speech recognition system receives an audio feed from a meeting, classroom, or event over the…
- Second Language Acquisition (SLA, L2 Acquisition)
- The process by which a person learns a language other than their first (native) language. In deaf education and accessibility, second language acquisition theory is particularly relevant because writt…
- Signer (Sign Language User, Signing Person)
- A person who communicates using sign language. In accessibility contexts, signers may be deaf, hard of hearing, or hearing individuals (such as interpreters, children of deaf adults, or others who hav…
- Situational Awareness (Environmental Awareness)
- The perception and understanding of elements in one's environment, including the ability to detect events, comprehend their significance, and anticipate what may happen next. For deaf and hard of hear…
- Sound Awareness Technology (Sound Recognition Technology, Sound Notification System)
- Assistive technology systems that detect, classify, and communicate environmental sounds to deaf and hard of hearing users through visual, haptic, or text-based notifications. Examples include smartph…
- Sound Classification (Sound Event Detection, Audio Classification)
- The automated process of identifying and categorizing sounds into predefined categories such as speech, music, alarms, animal sounds, or environmental noise. Sound classification is a foundational cap…
- Sound Prominence (Sound Salience, Auditory Salience)
- The perceptual quality that makes certain sounds stand out from others in an auditory scene, determined by factors such as loudness, distinctiveness, proximity, and relevance to the listener. Sound pr…
- Speaker Diarization (Speaker Segmentation)
- The process of partitioning an audio stream into segments according to speaker identity, determining "who spoke when" in a multi-speaker recording or conversation. Speaker diarization is important for…
- Speaking Behavior (Speaker Behavior, Speech Behavior)
- In accessibility and HCI research, the observable communicative behaviors a speaker exhibits during conversation — including speech rate, voice intensity (loudness), articulation clarity (including hy…
- Speech Error (Articulation Error, Pronunciation Error)
- A deviation from the expected or standard production of speech sounds, including substitutions, omissions, additions, and distortions of phonemes. Speech errors are common among people who are deaf or…
- Speech Visualization (Visual Speech Display, Speech-to-Visual Display)
- Speech visualization refers to techniques that convert spoken language into visual representations to aid comprehension, particularly for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. These displays ca…
- Tactile Captions (Haptic Captions, Vibrotactile Captions)
- An enhanced captioning approach that supplements traditional text-based captions with vibrotactile feedback, allowing deaf and hard of hearing viewers to feel non-speech sounds (such as phone rings, d…
- Talking Head (Virtual Talking Head, Animated Face, 3D Talking Head, Virtual Speech Tutor)
- A talking head is a computer-generated 3D or 2D animated representation of a human face and articulatory system that produces visible speech movements synchronised with audio output. In accessibility …
- Transcripts (Transcript, Text Transcript)
- A written, text-based representation of spoken audio or audiovisual content. WCAG 2.1 success criterion 1.2.1 (Audio-only and Video-only Prerecorded) requires an alternative for time-based media — typ…