Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
104 results found in Education.
- NIMAS (National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard)
- A technical standard in the United States that defines a consistent file format for producing accessible versions of print instructional materials. NIMAS is based on the DAISY/NISO standard and specif…
- Non-Visual Mental Model (Non-Visual Representation, Tactile Mental Model)
- A cognitive representation of concepts, objects, or systems built through non-visual sensory channels — primarily touch, hearing, and proprioception — rather than through sight. People who are blind d…
- Note-Taking Accommodation (Note-Taker Service, Classroom Note-Taking Support)
- An educational accommodation that provides students with disabilities access to lecture content they cannot capture independently. Traditional note-taking accommodations include human note-takers (pee…
- Notetaker (Note Taker, Note-Taker)
- A person or service that takes notes on behalf of someone who cannot effectively take their own notes during a lecture, meeting, or event. Notetakers are a common accommodation for deaf and hard of he…
- Notetaking (Note-Taking, Note Taking Service)
- The practice of recording key information from spoken presentations, lectures, or meetings, either by the individual or by a designated notetaker as an accessibility accommodation. In educational acce…
- Number Sense (Numeracy Intuition, Numerical Cognition)
- The intuitive understanding of numbers, their magnitude, relationships, and how they are affected by operations. Number sense includes the ability to estimate quantities, understand relative size, rec…
- Oral Language (Expressive Oral Language, Spoken Language)
- Oral language is the system of spoken communication comprising articulation (producing speech sounds), vocabulary (tact or naming), grammar and linguistic structure, and pragmatic or conversational us…
- Order-Irrelevance Principle
- The counting principle that the order in which objects are counted does not affect the total — counting the same set of objects in any sequence will yield the same number. This concept, while intuitiv…
- Outcome-Based Education (OBE, Standards-Based Education)
- An educational approach that focuses on measuring student achievement through specific, predetermined outcomes or competencies rather than on the process of learning itself. In disability and special …
- Postsecondary Education for Students with Intellectual Disabilities (PSEID, Inclusive Postsecondary Education, College Programs for ID)
- Educational programs at colleges and universities designed to include students with intellectual disabilities in campus life, academics, and career preparation. Unlike traditional special education th…
- Residential School (Boarding School)
- An educational institution where students live on campus during the school term, receiving both education and residential care. In India, many schools for the blind operate as residential schools, wit…
- Right to Education (RTE, Right to Education Act)
- Legal frameworks guaranteeing the right to free and compulsory education for all children, including children with disabilities. India's Right to Education Act (2009) mandates free education for all c…
- STEM Accessibility (Accessible STEM, STEM for Students with Disabilities)
- The design and delivery of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education in ways that are accessible to students with disabilities. STEM accessibility is a particularly acute challenge f…
- STEM accessibility (Accessible STEM education)
- The practice of making science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and activities accessible to people with disabilities. STEM fields present particular accessibility challenges becaus…
- Scaffolded Learning (Scaffolding, Graduated Support)
- An instructional approach that provides structured, temporary support to help learners progressively build skills, with support gradually reduced as competence increases. In assistive technology train…
- School Management Resistance (Administrative Resistance)
- Opposition or skepticism from school leadership and administration toward the integration of technology in educational settings. In schools for the blind in India, management resistance manifests as p…
- School for the Blind (Blind School, Residential Blind School)
- A specialized educational institution that serves students with vision impairments, often as a residential facility where students live on campus. In India and other Global South countries, schools fo…
- Scribe (Amanuensis, Exam Writer)
- A person who writes or types on behalf of a student with a disability during examinations, transcribing the student's dictated answers. In India, students with vision impairments typically complete ex…
- Second Language Acquisition (SLA, L2 Acquisition)
- The process by which a person learns a language other than their first (native) language. In deaf education and accessibility, second language acquisition theory is particularly relevant because writt…
- Segregated Education (Separate Schooling, Special Schooling)
- An educational model where students with disabilities are educated in separate institutions or classrooms apart from their non-disabled peers. While segregated schools like residential schools for the…