Glossary

Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.

91 results found in design.

Orthographic Projection (Parallel Projection)
A method of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions by projecting its features onto a flat plane using parallel lines perpendicular to that plane, eliminating perspective distortion.…
Parametric design (Parametric modeling)
A design approach in which objects are defined by adjustable parameters (dimensions, angles, ratios) rather than direct geometric manipulation, allowing users to customize designs by changing numerica…
Participatory design (Co-design, PD, Cooperative design)
A design methodology originating from Scandinavian workplace practices in the 1970s in which end users, stakeholders, and designers collaborate as equal partners throughout the design process. In acce…
Perceptualisation (Perceptualization)
A multi-sensory display of abstract information, inferred by Nesbitt to be a fundamentally human quality. Where visualisation presents abstract data through the visual design space (charts, graphs, ma…
Persuasive Technology (Behaviour Change Technology, Behavior Change Technology)
Technology designed to change users' attitudes or behaviours through persuasion and social influence rather than coercion. In health and wellness contexts, persuasive technologies use strategies such …
Playification
A design strategy that transforms routine or clinical tasks into playful, engaging experiences without relying solely on competitive game mechanics like points and leaderboards. Unlike gamification, w…
Proxemics (Interpersonal distance, Personal space)
The study of how people use and perceive physical space in social interactions, originally defined by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1966. Hall identified four distance zones: intimate (0–45 cm), pe…
Reification
The process of making concrete that which is abstract. A photograph is a reification of a moment in time and place, with all the selectivity and distortion that the lens and framing impose. A web page…
Research Through Design (RtD)
A research methodology in which the design process itself serves as a mode of inquiry, generating knowledge through the iterative creation and evaluation of artifacts, systems, or experiences. Unlike …
Self-adapting user interface (Adaptive user interface, Adaptive UI)
A user interface that dynamically modifies its presentation, interaction modalities, or behaviour in response to changing conditions such as user capabilities, environmental factors, device characteri…
Semantic decomposition
An analysis method that models a system as a hierarchy of ontological dependencies based on meaning and conceptual relationships, rather than breaking it down by functional tasks. In user interface de…
Sensory erasure (Sensory exclusion)
The systematic marginalization or elimination of non-visual sensory modalities in the design of technologies, interfaces, and information systems. Sensory erasure occurs when platforms treat visual in…
Signer Placement (Interpreter Placement)
The spatial positioning of a sign language interpreter or signing instructor relative to instructional content in a video, videoconference, or immersive environment. Common arrangements include a side…
Socio-Technical Aspirations
Individual- or community-driven ambition and desire to own or use a specific technology for personal benefit or societal acceptance or both. This concept, introduced by Sharma et al. (2020) as an exte…
Sonic design space (Auditory design space)
The physical medium related to human hearing through which a user and device may interact. The sonic design space encompasses speech (both natural and synthesised), non-speech audio such as earcons an…
Sonification (Auditory display, Data sonification)
The use of non-speech audio to represent information, data, or environmental characteristics. In accessibility, sonification provides an alternative or complement to visual displays, encoding spatial,…
Spatial substrate
A framework describing the orientation and positioning of information within a design space, using axes and a coordinate system appropriate to how a user perceives content in that space. In the visual…
Stakeholder Research (Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Involvement)
A research approach that identifies and engages all parties who have an interest in or are affected by a technology, product, or service. In accessibility research, stakeholder research involves consu…
Technosolutionism (Technological solutionism, Techno-solutionism, Tech solutionism)
The belief that complex social problems, including disability, can and should be solved primarily through technology. Popularised by Evgeny Morozov, the term describes a mindset that strips nuance fro…
Temporal encoding
The representation of information through change over time within a spatial substrate. In the visual design space, temporal encoding corresponds to animation — a point or shape moving, appearing, or c…