Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
183 results found in research methods.
- Accessibility Simulation (Disability Simulation)
- A pedagogical technique in which learners experience simulated conditions of disability to build understanding of accessibility barriers. Common approaches include simulation games, virtual reality ex…
- Accessible data capture (Inclusive data collection methods)
- Research data collection methods and tools that can be independently operated by researchers with disabilities. Current standard data capture methods in HCI research — video cameras, GoPros, visual no…
- Action Research (Participatory Action Research, PAR)
- A research methodology that combines investigation with practical action, involving iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In accessibility research, action research allows r…
- Active Learning (AL)
- A machine learning paradigm in which the algorithm iteratively selects the most informative unlabeled data points to query a human annotator for labels, enabling effective model training with minimal …
- Affinity Diagramming (Affinity Mapping, KJ Method)
- A qualitative data analysis and design method where researchers or team members organize individual data points (observations, quotes, ideas) into groups based on natural relationships and themes. In …
- Agreement Rate (AR)
- A statistical measure used in end-user gesture elicitation studies to quantify how much consensus participants show when proposing gestures or interactions for a given task (referent). Agreement rate …
- At-Risk Populations (Vulnerable Populations)
- Groups that are more likely to experience harm from digital attacks, surveillance, institutional discrimination, or other threats, and are disproportionately affected when such harms occur. Originally…
- Audio Probe (Fictional Audio Probe)
- A research method using pre-recorded audio scenarios to ground discussion in qualitative studies. In accessibility research, audio probes present fictional but realistic use cases to participants, ena…
- Bespoke Co-Design (Personalised Co-Design)
- An approach to participatory design in which interventions are co-designed individually with each user rather than in group settings, allowing for highly targeted and personalised solutions. In access…
- Binary Classification (Two-Class Classification)
- A type of supervised machine learning task where the goal is to categorize items into one of exactly two classes. In accessibility research, binary classification has been applied to automatically det…
- Citational Justice (Citation Justice, Citational Politics)
- The practice of consciously and equitably attributing knowledge to its sources, particularly uplifting contributions from marginalized scholars and communities whose work is often overlooked or approp…
- Cloze Test (Cloze Procedure, Cloze Deletion Test)
- A reading comprehension assessment method in which words are systematically deleted from a text and the reader must fill in the missing words based on context. Developed by Wilson Taylor in 1953, cloz…
- Co-Cultural Theory (Co-Cultural Communication Theory)
- A communication theory developed by Mark Orbe that examines how members of marginalized or underrepresented groups communicate within dominant societal structures. The theory identifies the Deaf commu…
- Co-Researcher (Community Co-Researcher, Peer Researcher)
- A person with lived experience of disability who contributes to research not merely as a participant or informant but as an active member of the research team, involved in planning, data collection, a…
- Co-creation workshop (Co-creation session, Co-design workshop)
- A structured collaborative session in which researchers, designers, and participants (including end users) work together to generate ideas, explore concepts, and shape the design of products, services…
- Cognitive Interviewing
- A qualitative research technique used to explore how survey respondents understand and mentally process assessment questions. Cognitive interviewing involves asking participants to think aloud as they…
- Cognitive Walkthrough (Expert Walkthrough)
- An accessibility and usability evaluation method in which one or more experts step through a series of tasks from the perspective of a target user, identifying potential barriers and difficulties at e…
- Cohen's Kappa (Kappa Statistic, Kappa Coefficient)
- A statistical measure of inter-rater reliability that accounts for agreement occurring by chance, used to assess the consistency between two or more raters coding qualitative data. Values range from -…
- Collaborative Design (Collaborative Design Session)
- A design approach where multiple participants work together to create shared design solutions, building on each other's ideas and negotiating design decisions collectively. In accessible design worksh…
- Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR, Participatory Action Research)
- A research methodology that creates equitable partnerships between researchers and community members throughout the entire research process, from defining research questions to disseminating findings.…