Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
29 results found in testing.
- ACT Rules (Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules, ACT-R)
- A set of standardized, machine-readable test rules developed by the W3C that provide specific, objective criteria for evaluating whether web content meets accessibility requirements like WCAG success …
- AChecker (IDI Web Accessibility Checker)
- An open-source web accessibility evaluation tool that checks HTML content against accessibility standards including WCAG 2.0. AChecker identifies three types of issues: known problems (definite violat…
- Ablation Study (Ablation Experiment)
- A methodology, common in machine-learning and systems research, in which individual components of a system are systematically removed or disabled to measure their contribution to overall performance. …
- Accessibility Audit (Accessibility Review, A11y Audit)
- A structured evaluation of a digital product, website, or application against established accessibility standards, typically WCAG, to identify barriers that prevent people with disabilities from using…
- Accessibility Evaluation Framework (A11y Assessment Framework, Accessibility Testing Framework)
- A structured methodology for systematically assessing the accessibility of digital content, products, or services against established standards and guidelines. Effective frameworks define the criteria…
- Accessibility Testing (A11y Testing)
- The practice of evaluating software, websites, or digital products to ensure they can be used by people with disabilities, including those using assistive technologies such as screen readers, voice re…
- Accessibility Violation (A11y Violation, Accessibility Error, Accessibility Issue)
- Any instance where web content, code, or design fails to conform to established accessibility guidelines such as WCAG. Accessibility violations can be syntactic (missing required HTML elements or attr…
- Automated Accessibility Testing (Automated A11y Testing, Accessibility Scanning)
- The use of software tools to programmatically check web content against accessibility guidelines such as WCAG. Tools like Axe, WAVE, Google Lighthouse, and AChecker translate accessibility rules into …
- Axe (axe-core, Deque Axe)
- An open-source accessibility testing engine developed by Deque Systems that checks web content against WCAG and other accessibility standards. Axe can be integrated into browsers (via browser extensio…
- Cognitive Walkthrough (Expert Walkthrough)
- An accessibility and usability evaluation method in which one or more experts step through a series of tasks from the perspective of a target user, identifying potential barriers and difficulties at e…
- Dynamic Accessibility Analysis (Runtime Accessibility Testing, Dynamic A11y Analysis)
- An approach to detecting accessibility issues by testing an application while it is running on a device or emulator, examining the actual rendered user interface rather than just the source code. Tool…
- False Negative (Type II Error)
- An error in which a system fails to identify something that is actually present or true. In privacy and obfuscation contexts, a false negative occurs when an AI system fails to detect private content …
- False Positive (Type I Error)
- An error in which a system incorrectly identifies something as present or true when it is not. In privacy and obfuscation contexts, a false positive occurs when an AI system incorrectly flags non-priv…
- HoneyPage (Honey Page)
- A purpose-built test web page used by researchers to study the behaviour of browser extensions, crawlers, or malware in a controlled environment. HoneyPages are instrumented to record network requests…
- Large-Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation (Large-Scale Accessibility Assessment, Web Accessibility Survey)
- The systematic automated or semi-automated assessment of web accessibility across hundreds or thousands of websites to understand broad trends, compliance rates, and the overall state of accessibility…
- Matterhorn Protocol (PDF Association Matterhorn Protocol)
- A comprehensive set of test conditions published by the PDF Association for verifying PDF/UA (ISO 14289-1) conformance. The Matterhorn Protocol categorizes accessibility checks into those that can be …
- Multi-Modal LLM (Multimodal Large Language Model, MLLM, Vision-Language Model)
- A large language model that can process and reason over more than one type of input modality, typically text combined with images, audio, or video. In accessibility research, multi-modal LLMs such as …
- Page Sampling (Page Selection Strategy, Website Sampling)
- The methodology used to select which pages within a website will be evaluated during an accessibility assessment. Common strategies include evaluating only the home page, testing specific page types (…
- Quality assurance (QA)
- In accessibility, the process of checking that the methods and practices used to create a product follow established guidelines and best practices. Quality assurance is largely qualitative — it asks w…
- Quality control (QC)
- In accessibility, the process of testing a product or its components against a defined specification to verify conformance. Quality control is quantitative — it measures specific outcomes, such as whe…