Glossary

Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.

10 results found in spatial cognition.

3D Audio (Three-Dimensional Audio, Binaural Audio, Immersive Audio)
Audio technology that creates the perception of sound sources positioned in three-dimensional space around the listener, including above, below, and at varying distances. 3D audio uses head-related tr…
Egocentric Spatial Reasoning (First-Person Spatial Understanding, User-Relative Spatial Reasoning)
The ability of a system to understand and describe the spatial positions of objects relative to the user's body and perspective, rather than from a bird's-eye or absolute reference frame. For AI syste…
Environmental Legibility (Legibility of the Environment, Spatial Legibility)
The ease with which people can perceive, understand, and form mental maps of a physical environment in order to orient themselves and navigate through it. Coined by urban planner Kevin Lynch, legibili…
Landmark Knowledge
A type of spatial knowledge involving the recognition and memory of distinctive features or objects in an environment that serve as reference points for navigation. Landmarks are fixed objects at spec…
Mental Map (Cognitive Map, Mental Model of Space)
An internal cognitive representation of a physical environment, including spatial relationships, landmarks, routes, and distances. For people with blindness or visual impairments, building a mental ma…
Points of interest (POI, Landmarks)
Specific locations in the environment that are useful or relevant to a user, such as shops, restaurants, transit stops, public buildings, and other named places. In accessible navigation for people wi…
Pre-journey Learning (Pre-visit Spatial Learning, Virtual Pre-exploration)
The practice of learning about an environment's spatial layout before physically visiting it, typically through tactile maps, verbal descriptions, or virtual exploration tools. For people who are blin…
Semantic feature (Environmental feature, Landmark annotation)
A meaningful environmental attribute associated with a specific location in a navigation system, such as a doorway, floor surface change, point of interest, or tactile ground indicator. In accessible …
Sighted Memory (Visual Memory, Sighted Recall)
A mental representation of a physical environment developed through past visual experience, used by people who lose their sight later in life to navigate and understand spaces they previously knew vis…
Spatial Awareness (Spatial Cognition, Environmental Awareness)
The understanding of one's surrounding environment and one's own position within it. In accessibility contexts, spatial awareness encompasses multiple dimensions: the scale and shape of an area, one's…