Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 161 of 333
- Inverse Kinematics (IK)
- A mathematical technique used in computer animation and robotics to calculate the joint positions needed to place an end effector (such as a hand or foot) at a desired position in space. In signing av…
- Invisible Cost of Disability (Hidden Cost of Disability, Disability Tax, Crip Tax)
- The additional time, energy, money, and cognitive effort that people with disabilities must expend to accomplish tasks that non-disabled people can complete without such overhead. In workplace context…
- Invisible Disability (Hidden Disability, Non-Apparent Disability)
- A disability that is not immediately apparent to others through visual observation. Invisible disabilities include ADHD, chronic pain, mental health conditions, learning disabilities, autoimmune condi…
- Invisible Work (Invisible Labour, Hidden Work)
- The unrecognized and often uncompensated effort that people with disabilities must perform to navigate inaccessible environments, technologies, and workplaces. In professional settings, invisible work…
- Invisible disability (Hidden disability, Non-visible disability, Non-apparent disability)
- A disability that is not immediately apparent to others by observation, including conditions such as chronic pain, ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and many cognitive or neurological condi…
- Invisible labor (Access labor, Hidden work)
- The additional, often unrecognized effort that people with disabilities must invest to create and maintain access in environments not designed for them. In workplace contexts, invisible labor includes…
- Irish Sign Language (ISL, Teanga Chomharthaíochta na hÉireann)
- The indigenous sign language of the Deaf community in Ireland, distinct from both English and Irish (Gaelic) spoken languages and from British Sign Language (BSL). Like all sign languages, ISL uses ma…
- Ishihara Test (Ishihara Colour Test, Ishihara Plates)
- A widely used clinical screening test for red-green colour vision deficiencies, consisting of a series of circular plates made up of coloured dots arranged in a mosaic pattern. Each plate contains a n…
- Isolated Sign Language Recognition (isolated SLR, word-level sign recognition)
- A sign language recognition task that focuses on identifying individual, pre-segmented signs rather than continuous signing sequences. In isolated SLR, each sign is captured as a separate video clip w…
- Isolated Sign Recognition (ISR, ISLR)
- A computer vision and machine learning task focused on identifying individual signs from video recordings where each video contains a single sign production, as opposed to continuous sign language rec…
- Isometric Gesture (Isometric Contraction Gesture)
- An isometric gesture is a gesture in which a person activates their muscles without producing visible movement — the body position remains static while muscle tension changes. This contrasts with isot…
- Isotonic Joystick (Displacement Joystick, Free-Moving Joystick)
- An isotonic joystick is a type of joystick input device that moves freely in response to applied force and returns to a centre position when released. Unlike isometric (force-sensing) joysticks that r…
- Italic Font Style (italics, oblique)
- A slanted or cursive-style variant of a typeface, traditionally used for emphasis, titles, or foreign words. Eye-tracking research demonstrates that italic fonts create significant accessibility barri…
- Iterative Crowdsourcing (Iterative Human Computation, Multi-Round Crowdsourcing)
- A human computation workflow in which multiple rounds of crowd workers build iteratively upon each other's responses to collectively achieve higher quality results than any individual worker could pro…
- Iterative Design (Iterative Development, Design Iteration)
- Iterative design is a methodology where designs are developed through repeated cycles of prototyping, testing, analyzing, and refining. Each iteration incorporates feedback from evaluation to improve …
- Itinerant Teacher (Traveling Teacher, Itinerant TVI)
- A special education teacher who travels between multiple schools to provide services to students with disabilities, rather than being based at a single location. In the context of visual impairment se…
- JAWS (Job Access With Speech)
- A commercial screen reader for Windows developed by Freedom Scientific (now part of Vispero). JAWS is one of the most widely used screen readers in professional and enterprise settings, providing text…
- JAWS for Windows (JFW)
- JAWS (Job Access With Speech) for Windows is a commercial screen reader from Freedom Scientific (now Vispero) that provides speech and braille output for blind and low-vision users on the Windows oper…
- JIS X 8341-3 (JIS X 8341, Japanese Industrial Standard for Web Accessibility)
- JIS X 8341-3 is the Japanese Industrial Standard for web content accessibility, first published in 2004 by the Japanese Standards Association. The standard was developed with attention to harmonizatio…
- JSML (Java Speech Markup Language)
- An XML-based markup language developed by Sun Microsystems that provides directives for controlling the output of speech synthesis engines. JSML allows developers to specify pronunciation details incl…