Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 220 of 333
- Perturbation testing (Counterfactual testing, Template-based testing)
- A bias evaluation methodology for NLP models that systematically substitutes identity-related terms (e.g., disability phrases) in otherwise identical sentences to measure whether the model produces di…
- Pervasive Accessible Technology (PAT)
- A strategy for integrating accessibility directly into information technology infrastructure rather than retrofitting it after the fact. Proposed by Michael Paciello in 1996, Pervasive Accessible Tech…
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD, PDD-NOS, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified)
- A historical diagnostic category encompassing a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by delays in socialisation, communication, and restricted patterns of behaviour. Under the DSM-IV, …
- Pet Robot (Robotic Pet, Zoomorphic Robot, Companion Pet Robot)
- A socially interactive robot designed to resemble and behave like an animal companion — most famously PARO (a baby harp seal) and AIBO (a robotic dog) — used to provide emotional comfort, reduce lonel…
- Phantom Limb Pain (PLP)
- Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain condition in which an individual experiences painful sensations appearing to come from a limb (or other body part) that has been amputated or is no longer functiona…
- Phantom Sensation (Phantom Vibration, Vibrotactile Illusion)
- A phantom sensation is a perceptual illusion in which two vibrotactile actuators stimulating the skin simultaneously create the feeling of a single vibration at a point between them. By varying the am…
- Phase-Based Motion Processing (Phase-Based Video Motion Processing, Phase-Based Motion Magnification)
- A family of computer vision techniques that decompose video frames into complex steerable pyramids and analyse changes in the temporal phase of each scale and orientation to recover motion, including …
- Phenomenology (Phenomenological Inquiry)
- Phenomenology is a philosophical tradition and research methodology concerned with the structures of lived, first-person experience. Originating with Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty, it emphasiz…
- Phoneme (Speech Sound)
- The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another. For example, the /b/ and /p/ sounds in "bat" and "pat" are different phonemes. American English has approximately 3…
- Phoneme-Grapheme Mapping (Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondence, Alphabetic Principle)
- The relationship between speech sounds (phonemes) and their written representations (graphemes), which is foundational to reading in alphabetic writing systems. Mastering phoneme-grapheme mapping — th…
- Phonemic Spelling (Phonetic Spelling)
- The practice of spelling words based on their pronunciation rather than their conventional orthography, used as a workaround when text-to-speech systems do not support a desired language. In AAC conte…
- Phonocentrism
- The ideological privileging of spoken language as the default and superior mode of communication, with corresponding devaluation of signed, typed, symbolic, or augmentative forms. In accessibility, ph…
- Phonological Awareness (Phonemic Awareness, Sound Awareness)
- The ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structures of spoken language, including syllables, rhymes, and individual phonemes. Phonological awareness is a foundational skill for reading and wr…
- Phonological Development (Speech Sound Development, Phonological Acquisition)
- The process by which children learn to produce and organise the speech sounds of their language, progressing from early cooing and vowel-like sounds through canonical babbling (consonant-vowel syllabl…
- Phonological Dyslexia
- A subtype of dyslexia characterized by difficulty with sound-based word decoding, including problems with orthographically similar words (e.g., confusing "addition" and "audition"), number and letter …
- Phonological Processing (Phonological Awareness, Phonemic Awareness)
- The ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structures of language, including identifying individual phonemes, blending sounds together, and segmenting words into their component sounds. Phonolo…
- Phonology (Sign Language Phonology)
- The study of the smallest meaningful units that make up language and the rules governing their combination. In sign languages, phonology describes the building blocks of signs: handshape, location on …
- Phonophobia (Sound Phobia, Ligyrophobia)
- Phonophobia is an intense fear or aversion to specific sounds or loud noises that goes beyond simple discomfort, often leading to avoidance behaviors such as fleeing from environments where triggering…
- Photo Sharing (Photograph Sharing, Image Sharing)
- The activity of showing, distributing, or discussing photographs with others — in person, via email, or through social-networking platforms. As a social practice it conveys memories, experiences, and …
- Photo-based Communication (Visual Communication Aid, Image-based Communication)
- A communication strategy that uses photographs or images as the primary medium for conveying meaning, sharing experiences, and supporting conversation. For people with aphasia, intellectual disabiliti…