Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
374 results found tagged visual impairment.
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Typing Performance of Blind Users: An Analysis of Touch Behaviors, Learning Effect, and In-Situ Usage
This longitudinal study provides the most detailed analysis to date of how novice blind users learn to type on touchscreen keyboards using the Explore by Touch paradigm (where users slide fingers across the screen to hear key names, then lift to sele…
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Collaborative Creation of Digital Tactile Graphics
This paper presents the Tangram Workstation, a collaborative system enabling sighted transcribers and blind reviewers to work together in real-time when creating tactile graphics. The fundamental insight is that current tactile graphics production in…
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Exploring New Paradigms for Accessible 3D Printed Graphs
This paper explores novel approaches to representing bar graphs for blind users using 3D printing technology, moving beyond traditional flat tactile graphics. Traditional tactile graphics (created with swell paper, embossers, or thermoform) use raise…
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TactileMaps.net: A Web Interface for Generating Customized 3D-Printable Tactile Maps
This demonstration paper presents TactileMaps.net, a web-based tool that enables visually impaired users to independently generate customized 3D-printable tactile maps. Tactile maps are valuable tools for helping blind individuals understand their en…
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Zebra Crossing Spotter: Automatic Population of Spatial Databases for Increased Safety of Blind Travelers
This paper presents a computer vision system that automatically detects zebra crosswalks by mining satellite imagery and Google Street View, with the goal of augmenting geographic information systems (GIS) to help blind travelers plan safer routes. K…
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Using Dynamic Audio Feedback to Support Peripersonal Reaching in Visually Impaired People
This demonstration paper explores how dynamic audio feedback can help blind and visually impaired people locate and reach for objects in their immediate (peripersonal) space. The research addresses an important developmental challenge: blind children…
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Towards Large Scale Evaluation of Novel Sonification Techniques for Non Visual Shape Exploration
This paper presents six sonification techniques for exploring shapes on touchscreen devices and evaluates them through Invisible Puzzle, an iPhone application enabling large-scale unsupervised testing. The research addresses a critical need: people w…
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The Tactile Graphics Helper: Providing Audio Clarification for Tactile Graphics Using Machine Vision
This paper presents the Tactile Graphics Helper (TGH), a machine vision system that enables students who are blind or visually impaired to independently access clarifying information about tactile graphics without sighted assistance. Tactile graphics…
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Eyes-free Exploration of Shapes with Invisible Puzzle
This paper presents Invisible Puzzle Game, an iPhone application that uses sonification techniques to enable people who are blind or visually impaired to explore shapes on touchscreen devices. Image exploration is fundamental for developing visuospat…
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Supporting Orientation of People with Visual Impairment: Analysis of Large Scale Usage Data
This paper analyzes large-scale remote usage data from iMove, an iOS GPS-based orientation app for people with visual impairments, to understand how users interact with assistive navigation technology in real-world conditions. Traditional assistive t…