Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Hardware-Based Text-to-Braille Translator

  Xuan Zhang, Cesar Ortega-Sanchez, Iain Murray (2006) — Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper describes the implementation of a text-to-Braille translator in hardware using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), as an alternative to the software-based translators that dominate the market. The translator implements Paul Blenkhorn's…

  • braille
  • braille translation
  • FPGA
  • hardware
  • embedded systems
  • assistive technology

• New Technology Enables Many-Fold Reduction in the Cost of Refreshable Braille Displays

  John Roberts, Oliver Slattery, David Kardos, Brett Swope (2000) — Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describes a novel rotating-wheel design for refreshable Braille displays that could reduce costs by up to a factor of ten compared to existing displays. The dominant cost facto…

  • braille
  • refreshable braille display
  • assistive technology
  • hardware
  • tactile accessibility
  • braille technology
  • digital inclusion