Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
79 results found in Artificial Intelligence.
- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN, ConvNet)
- A class of deep neural network that uses convolutional filters to automatically extract spatial features from data, originally designed for image processing but now widely applied to sensor data, audi…
- Counterfactual Explanation (Counterfactual XAI)
- An explanation technique that communicates what minimal change to the input would have produced a different output from an AI model, for example 'if the applicant's income had been $5,000 higher, the …
- Decision-Theoretic Planning (Decision-Theoretic Approach)
- A computational approach to planning that uses mathematical models of decision-making under uncertainty, most commonly Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), to select optimal actions based on the current …
- Domain Adaptation (Cross-Domain Transfer, UDA, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation)
- A machine learning technique that enables models trained on data from one domain (such as web interfaces) to perform well on a different but related domain (such as mobile app interfaces). Domain adap…
- Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN, Temporal Bayesian Network)
- A probabilistic graphical model that represents sequences of variables over time, extending standard Bayesian networks to handle temporal relationships. In accessibility and affective computing contex…
- Dynamic Content Filtering (Intelligent Content Filtering, AI-Based Filtering)
- The automated process of selectively showing or hiding web content based on computed relevance to a user's goals, preferences, or context. Dynamic content filtering uses AI models (such as large langu…
- Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA, Virtual Agent, Animated Agent)
- A computer-generated animated character designed to interact with human users using multiple simultaneous communication channels — typically speech, eye gaze, facial expression, head and body posture,…
- Engagement Detection (Engagement Monitoring, Engagement Recognition)
- The use of sensors, computer vision, or other technologies to automatically assess whether a person is actively engaged with a task, device, or activity. Engagement detection systems typically monitor…
- Few-Shot Prompting (In-Context Learning, Few-Shot Learning)
- A technique for guiding large language models by providing a small number of examples within the input prompt to demonstrate the desired task or output format. In accessibility applications, few-shot …
- Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy Inference)
- Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with approximate reasoning, where truth values range continuously between 0 and 1 rather than being strictly true or false. In assistive technolog…
- Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping)
- A widely used explainable AI technique, introduced by Selvaraju et al. in 2017, that produces a class-discriminative heat map over an input image by weighting convolutional feature maps by the gradien…
- Hallucination (AI Hallucination, Confabulation)
- In the context of AI and large language models, the generation of content that is plausible-sounding but not grounded in the input data or factual reality. Hallucinations pose a particular risk in acc…
- Human-AI Alignment (AI Alignment, Value Alignment)
- The design and training of AI systems to exhibit behaviours consistent with human values, intentions, and goals. In accessibility, human-AI alignment requires that AI systems accurately represent and …
- Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)
- An approach to AI system design and evaluation that incorporates human judgment, feedback, and oversight at critical points in automated processes. In accessibility contexts, human-in-the-loop methodo…
- Hybrid Captioning (AI-Augmented Captioning, Blended Captioning)
- A captioning approach that combines human-generated captions with AI-powered correction or enhancement to achieve higher accuracy than either method alone. Hybrid systems leverage the reliability and …
- Image-to-3D Generation (Image-to-3D Conversion, 2D-to-3D Generation)
- An AI-powered process that converts two-dimensional images into three-dimensional digital models suitable for manipulation, rendering, or physical fabrication via 3D printing. In assistive technology …
- Instance Segmentation
- A computer vision technique that identifies and delineates individual objects within an image at the pixel level, distinguishing separate instances even when they belong to the same category. In acces…
- Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS, AI Tutor)
- An AI-powered educational system that provides personalized instruction, feedback, and scaffolding adapted to individual learners' needs, knowledge levels, and learning patterns. Modern intelligent tu…
- LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations)
- An explainable AI technique, introduced by Ribeiro et al. in 2016, that approximates any black-box model's behaviour around a single prediction by fitting a simple interpretable model (usually sparse …
- LLM Agent (Generative Agent, Task-Executing Agent)
- A software system built around a large language model that autonomously perceives state, plans actions, executes them against an environment (a web page, a mobile app, a shell, a UI), and reflects on …