Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
104 results found in Education.
- Graphical Model (Visual Model, Graphical Representation)
- In educational and accessibility contexts, a visual representation system that uses shapes, colours, spatial relationships, and physical manipulation to convey abstract concepts. Graphical models for …
- Guided Participation
- Guided participation is a concept from Barbara Rogoff's developmental psychology describing how children learn through engaged collaboration with more experienced partners in everyday shared activitie…
- Hyperstory (Interactive Story, Branching Narrative, Hypertext Story)
- A hyperstory is an interactive, non-linear narrative structure in which users make choices that influence the direction and outcome of the story. Adapted from hypertext concepts, hyperstories combine …
- IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
- A United States federal law enacted in 1990 (reauthorized in 2004) that guarantees students with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environme…
- Inclusive Education (Inclusive Schooling, Mainstreaming)
- An educational approach where students with disabilities learn alongside their non-disabled peers in mainstream classrooms, with appropriate supports, accommodations, and modifications to curriculum a…
- Inclusive Learning (Inclusive Education Design, Accessible Learning)
- An educational approach that ensures all learners, including those with disabilities, can fully participate in and benefit from learning activities and materials. Inclusive learning involves designing…
- Institutional Barriers (Organizational Barriers, Systemic Barriers)
- Obstacles to accessibility, technology adoption, or inclusion that arise from organizational policies, practices, norms, and cultures rather than from individual limitations or technology design. In s…
- Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS, AI Tutor)
- An AI-powered educational system that provides personalized instruction, feedback, and scaffolding adapted to individual learners' needs, knowledge levels, and learning patterns. Modern intelligent tu…
- Language Acquisition (Language Development, Language Learning)
- The process by which humans develop the ability to perceive, produce, and use language to communicate. In deaf children, language acquisition presents unique challenges: 90% of deaf children are born …
- Language Immersion
- An approach to language learning in which the learner is surrounded by and continuously exposed to the target language in natural, meaningful contexts rather than through isolated instruction. In the …
- Lecture Captioning (Classroom Captioning, Lecture Transcription)
- The real-time or post-production conversion of spoken lecture content into text, displayed to students during or after a class session. Lecture captioning can be performed by human captioners (such as…
- Lecture Capture (Lecture Recording, Classroom Recording)
- The process of recording classroom lectures, presentations, or educational sessions using video, audio, and screen capture technology for later review by students. Lecture capture systems range from s…
- Lexile Framework (Lexile, Lexile Measure)
- A commercial readability framework developed by MetaMetrics that places both texts and readers on a common scale — the Lexile measure — to support matching readers with materials at an appropriate lev…
- Literacy Development (Literacy Learning, Reading Development)
- The process of acquiring reading and writing skills, from early phonological awareness through fluent reading comprehension. Literacy development is a key focus of reading support technology research,…
- Low Literacy (Limited Literacy, Functional Illiteracy)
- A level of reading and writing ability that is below what is typically needed to function effectively in everyday situations requiring text comprehension. Low literacy may result from limited educatio…
- Mainstream Education (Mainstreaming, Inclusive Education, Integrated Classroom)
- The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside non-disabled peers, rather than in separate special education settings. Mainstreaming emerged from disabi…
- Mathematical Braille (Braille Mathematics, Math Braille)
- Specialised braille notation systems used to represent mathematical symbols, expressions, and equations. Because standard literary braille has only 64 possible characters (from 6-dot cells), mathemati…
- Mathematics Learning Disability (Math Disability, Mathematical Disability, Mathematics Disorder)
- A specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand, learn, or perform mathematical operations. Mathematics learning disabilities can manifest as difficulty with number sense,…
- Multi-Grade Classroom (Multi-Grade Teaching, Combined Classroom)
- A classroom setting where a single teacher instructs students from multiple grade levels simultaneously. Multi-grade classrooms are common in schools for the blind in India, where teacher shortages re…
- NGO Intervention (Non-Governmental Organization Intervention, Civil Society Intervention)
- Programs and initiatives led by non-governmental organizations to address gaps in public services, including education, healthcare, and assistive technology provision for people with disabilities. In …