Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
63 results found in blind and low vision.
- IBM Home Page Reader (Home Page Reader, HPR)
- IBM Home Page Reader (HPR) was a pioneering voice browser developed by IBM that provided audio-based web browsing for people with visual disabilities. Unlike screen readers that operate as an overlay …
- IDE Accessibility (Accessible IDE, Development Environment Accessibility)
- IDE accessibility refers to making integrated development environments — the software applications used for writing, testing, and debugging code — usable by developers with disabilities. IDEs like Vis…
- Indoor Navigation (Indoor Wayfinding, Indoor Positioning)
- Technologies and systems that help users find their way within indoor environments such as museums, shopping centers, airports, and public buildings where GPS signals are unreliable. Indoor navigation…
- Kinesthetic Awareness (Kinesthesia, Movement Awareness)
- The conscious perception of body position, movement, and muscle tension derived from internal sensory receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints. For sighted people, kinesthetic awareness is reinforced…
- Last-Few-Metres Problem (Last Few Meters Problem)
- The difficulty that blind and low-vision pedestrians face in the final short distance (roughly the last several metres) of a trip, where GPS accuracy degrades, building entrances are ambiguous, and di…
- Meal Assistance Technology (Dining Assistance Technology, Food Accessibility Technology)
- Assistive technologies designed to help people with disabilities identify, locate, and consume food independently during mealtimes. For people with visual impairments, these systems may use computer v…
- Mobility and Orientation Trainer (MOT, Orientation and Mobility Specialist, O&M Specialist, O&M Instructor, Habilitation Specialist)
- A qualified professional who teaches orientation and mobility (O&M) skills to blind and partially sighted people, enabling safe and independent travel. MOTs assess individual needs and deliver persona…
- Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)
- A classification of exercise intensity used in public health guidelines that encompasses physical activity raising heart rate to 60-80% or more of heart rate reserve. MVPA is the threshold recommended…
- Monarch (Monarch Tactile Display, Dynamic Tactile Device)
- The Monarch is a multi-line refreshable tactile display developed by HumanWare and the American Printing House for the Blind, representing a significant advancement in tactile display technology. Unli…
- Movement Sonification (Motion Sonification)
- The practice of mapping qualities of physical movement - such as speed, direction, duration, or weight - to non-verbal sound cues so that movement can be perceived auditorily. In accessibility context…
- Music Haptics (Musical Haptics, Haptic Music)
- The use of touch-based feedback — including vibrations, textures, and force — to convey musical information such as pitch, tempo, timbre, articulation, dynamics, and rhythm. Music haptics draws on the…
- Music Pedagogy (Music Education, Music Teaching)
- The theory and practice of teaching and learning music, including methods for instruction, curriculum design, and assessment. In accessibility contexts, music pedagogy for blind and low vision learner…
- Nemeth Braille Code (Nemeth Code, Nemeth Mathematics Braille)
- A system of Braille encoding developed by Abraham Nemeth in 1946 for representing mathematical and scientific notation, widely used in the United States and some other English-speaking countries. The …
- Nomadic Text Entry (Mobile Text Entry, On-the-Go Texting)
- The practice of inputting text on a mobile device while moving through or actively engaging with the physical environment, as opposed to typing while stationary. For people who are blind or visually i…
- Non-Visual Cooking (Blind Cooking, Cooking Without Vision)
- The practice of preparing food without relying on visual information, as performed by blind and low vision individuals. Non-visual cooking involves distinctive strategies including tactile exploration…
- Non-Visual Makeup (Blind Makeup Application, Accessible Makeup)
- The practice and process of applying cosmetics without relying on visual feedback, as performed by people who are blind or have low vision. Non-visual makeup involves embodied, tactile-first strategie…
- Non-Visual Web Browser (Self-Voicing Browser, Audio Web Browser, Talking Browser)
- A web browser specifically designed for users who cannot see the screen, providing audio-based or haptic interfaces for navigating and interacting with web content. Unlike standard screen readers that…
- Nonvisual Programming (Non-Visual Programming, Blind Programming)
- The practice of writing, navigating, debugging, and managing software code without relying on visual display, typically using screen readers, braille displays, and audio cues. Nonvisual programmers fa…
- Pedestrian Detection (Person Detection, Human Detection)
- A computer vision task that identifies and locates people in images or video frames, typically using deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks. In accessibility applications, pedestri…
- Personal Space (Interpersonal Distance, Personal Distance Zone)
- The invisible boundary surrounding a person that they consider their own territory, the violation of which can cause discomfort or stress. Research by Edward T. Hall defined four distance zones: intim…