Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
77 results found in ethics.
- Biometric System (Biometric Technology, Biometric Identification)
- A technology system that uses innate human physical or behavioral characteristics — such as facial features, fingerprints, voice patterns, gait, or iris patterns — to identify or verify a person's ide…
- Bystander privacy (Third-party privacy, Incidental privacy)
- The privacy concerns of people who are unintentionally captured or observed by technology being used by others. In the context of assistive technology, bystander privacy refers to the rights and conce…
- Capabilities approach (Capability approach, Human capabilities framework)
- A philosophical framework developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum that evaluates well-being and justice based on what people are actually able to do and be, rather than on the resources they poss…
- Citational Justice (Citation Justice, Citational Politics)
- The practice of consciously and equitably attributing knowledge to its sources, particularly uplifting contributions from marginalized scholars and communities whose work is often overlooked or approp…
- Community Sustainability (Research Sustainability)
- The principle that research practices should not deplete, harm, or overburden the communities from which participants are recruited. In accessibility research, community sustainability requires consid…
- Content Moderation (Content Filtering, Automated Content Moderation)
- The process of monitoring and filtering user-generated content on digital platforms, increasingly performed by AI systems. Content moderation has documented negative effects on people with disabilitie…
- Contextual Integrity (CI, Contextual Privacy)
- A privacy framework developed by Helen Nissenbaum that defines privacy not as secrecy but as the appropriate flow of information according to context-specific norms. According to contextual integrity,…
- Cultural Appropriation (Cultural Misappropriation)
- The adoption or use of elements from a minority culture by members of a dominant culture without proper understanding, acknowledgment, or respect for their original meaning and significance. In disabi…
- Data Minimization
- A privacy principle requiring that organizations collect, process, and retain only the minimum amount of personal data necessary to accomplish a specific purpose. For assistive technology users, data …
- Data Representativeness (Dataset Representativeness, Demographic Representativeness)
- The degree to which a dataset reflects the diversity of the population it is intended to serve, particularly across demographic dimensions such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, disability, and socioec…
- Data Sharing (Open Data, Data Dissemination)
- The practice of making research data available to other researchers or the public for reuse, replication, and further analysis. In accessibility research, data sharing presents unique tensions: datase…
- Data Stewardship (Dataset Stewardship, Data Governance)
- The responsible management of data throughout its lifecycle, including decisions about collection, storage, access, sharing, and disposal. In accessibility research, participatory data stewardship inv…
- Data Transparency (Data Processing Transparency)
- The practice of clearly communicating to users what data is collected, how it is processed, where processing occurs (on-device vs. cloud), how data is stored, and who has access to it. In accessibilit…
- Datasheets for datasets (Dataset documentation, Data cards)
- A standardized documentation framework proposed by Gebru et al. that accompanies machine learning datasets with information about their creation, composition, intended use, and limitations. For access…
- Deepfake (Synthetic Media, AI-Generated Media)
- AI-generated or AI-manipulated media (images, video, audio, or text) designed to convincingly depict events, people, or statements that never occurred. Deepfakes pose specific risks for people with di…
- Deficit-Oriented Research (Deficit Model, Deficit-Based Approach)
- A research approach that frames its subjects primarily in terms of what they lack, cannot do, or need to have fixed, rather than recognizing their strengths, agency, and lived expertise. In disability…
- Design Saviorism
- A problematic dynamic in design practice where nondisabled designers position themselves as rescuers of disabled people, seeking praise while attempting to fix something that is not broken. Design sav…
- Digital Nudge (Technology Nudge, Behavioral Nudge)
- Design elements in digital interfaces that subtly guide users toward particular behaviors or decisions. In privacy contexts, nudges might suggest obfuscating detected sensitive content or prompt users…
- Dignity of risk (Right to risk)
- A disability rights principle, articulated by Robert Perske in 1972, asserting that people with disabilities have the right to make self-directed choices that involve risk, including the freedom to fa…
- Disability Rights (Disability Justice, Disability Advocacy)
- The movement and legal framework advocating for equal rights, opportunities, and full participation of people with disabilities in society. Key legislation includes the Americans with Disabilities Act…