Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
20 results found in AI fairness.
- AI Auditing (Algorithmic Auditing, AI Audit)
- The systematic evaluation of an AI system's outputs, behaviour, or training data to identify harms such as bias, stereotype reproduction, or accessibility failures. Audits may be conducted by industry…
- ASL Linguistic Markers (Non-Manual Markers, Non-Manual Signals, ASL Facial Grammar)
- Facial expressions, head movements, and body postures that serve grammatical and semantic functions in American Sign Language and other sign languages, distinct from emotional facial expressions. Comm…
- Ability Bias (Ability-Based Bias, Disability Bias)
- A form of social bias encoded in artificial intelligence systems, particularly large language models, that reflects stereotypical or discriminatory assumptions about people with disabilities. Ability …
- Algorithmic Hiring (AI Hiring, Hiring AI, AI-Enabled Hiring)
- The use of algorithmic systems — including machine learning and large language models — to source, screen, rank, or select job candidates. Proponents argue algorithmic hiring reduces human bias and sc…
- Automated Employment Decision System (AEDS, AEDT, Automated Employment Decision Tool)
- A software system that screens, evaluates, categorises, recommends, or otherwise makes or facilitates hiring or employment decisions about job candidates or workers. AEDSs span résumé sorters, persona…
- Computer Says No (Computer-Says-No)
- A pattern in which an organisation invokes an algorithmic or automated decision as justification for an adverse outcome — a rejected application, a denied claim, an adjusted score — thereby deflecting…
- Counterfactual Prompting (Counterfactual Debiasing, Counterfactual Data Augmentation)
- A bias mitigation technique that involves modifying prompts or training examples by swapping identity-related attributes (such as disability status, gender, or race) while keeping all other context id…
- Data Representativeness (Dataset Representativeness, Demographic Representativeness)
- The degree to which a dataset reflects the diversity of the population it is intended to serve, particularly across demographic dimensions such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, disability, and socioec…
- Data Stewardship (Dataset Stewardship, Data Governance)
- The responsible management of data throughout its lifecycle, including decisions about collection, storage, access, sharing, and disposal. In accessibility research, participatory data stewardship inv…
- Dataset Bias (Training Data Bias, Data Representation Bias, Sampling Bias)
- A systematic skew in the composition of training data used to build machine learning models, resulting in models that perform well for overrepresented groups but poorly for underrepresented ones. In a…
- Digitized Assessment (Digitised Assessment, Digital Hiring Assessment, Computer-Based Employment Assessment)
- A computer-based hiring test used by employers to evaluate candidates' personality, cognition, skills, or judgement. Common formats include personality inventories, gamified cognitive tasks (balloon-i…
- Disability Stereotyping (Disability Stereotype, Ableist Stereotyping)
- The attribution of fixed, oversimplified characteristics to individuals based on their disability status. In the context of AI and language models, disability stereotyping occurs when systems associat…
- EU AI Act (European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, Artificial Intelligence Act (EU))
- A European Union regulation, adopted in 2024, that establishes a risk-based framework for AI systems deployed in the EU. High-risk systems — including AI used in employment, hiring, worker management,…
- Emotional Intelligence Test (EI Test, I-EQ Test, Emotional Intelligence Assessment)
- A hiring assessment that asks candidates to identify emotions in photographs of faces or to judge appropriate emotional responses in social scenarios. Emotional-intelligence tests are particularly ina…
- End-User Auditing (User-Led Auditing, End User Audits)
- An approach to AI auditing in which everyday users — rather than professional evaluators — identify problems, biases, or harms in AI outputs based on their lived experience. End-user auditing is parti…
- Facial Expression Analysis (Automated Facial Expression Analysis, Facial Coding, AFEA)
- The automated classification of a person's facial movements into discrete emotion categories (happy, angry, neutral, surprised, etc.) using computer vision. In hiring, facial expression analysis is em…
- IncluSet
- A dataset surfacing repository created by researchers at the University of Maryland that catalogs and organizes accessibility datasets — datasets sourced from people with disabilities and older adults…
- Personality Test (Personality Inventory, Personality Assessment)
- A psychometric instrument that attempts to quantify traits such as conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional stability, or risk tolerance. Personality tests were introduced in industry during and aft…
- Self-Debiasing (Model Self-Debiasing, Autonomous Debiasing)
- A class of techniques where AI systems, particularly large language models, are prompted or configured to identify and reduce their own biased outputs without external model modification or retraining…
- Situational Judgment Test (SJT, Situational Judgement Test)
- A hiring assessment that presents candidates with hypothetical workplace scenarios and asks them to select the "best" and "worst" responses from a predefined multiple-choice list. SJTs assume a single…