Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 277 of 333
- Speech-to-Speech (S2S, Speech-to-Speech Conversion)
- A class of systems that transform one speech signal directly into another — for example, converting atypical input (whispered, dysarthric, accented, or cross-lingual speech) into clear, intelligible o…
- Speech-to-Text (STT, Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition, ASR)
- Technology that converts spoken language into written text, enabling voice-based input for digital systems. In accessibility, speech-to-text serves multiple roles: it powers voice command interfaces f…
- Speechreading (Lipreading, Lip Reading)
- A communication method that relies on observing visual and contextual cues, primarily the movements of a speakers lips, face, and body, to understand spoken language. Speechreading is used by many d/D…
- Speed Dial (One-touch Dialing, Quick Dial)
- Speed dial is a mobile or landline phone feature that lets a user place a call to a preset contact by pressing one or two assigned digits rather than entering a full phone number. Originally introduce…
- Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff (Speed-Accuracy Trade-off, SAT)
- A fundamental principle of human motor control where increased movement speed leads to decreased accuracy, and vice versa. Users can choose to move quickly and accept more errors, or move slowly and c…
- Speed-Comprehension Trade-off (Speed-Accuracy Trade-off in Reading)
- An empirical pattern in readability research: typographic, layout, and presentation choices that increase reading speed often reduce comprehension accuracy, and vice versa. For example, sans-serif fac…
- Spell Checker (Spellchecker, Spelling Checker)
- Software that identifies and suggests corrections for misspelled words in text. Standard spell checkers often fail to catch errors made by people with dyslexia because dyslexic spelling errors differ …
- Spina Bifida (Neural Tube Defect, Myelomeningocele)
- A congenital birth defect in which the embryonic neural tube fails to close completely during development, resulting in an incompletely formed spinal cord. The severity ranges from mild (spina bifida …
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Damage to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in motor function, sensation, or autonomic function below the level of injury. Depending on the location and severity, spinal c…
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Damage to the spinal cord that results in partial or complete loss of motor function, sensation, or both below the level of injury. The location of injury along the spine determines which abilities ar…
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Damage to the spinal cord that results in loss of function, mobility, or sensation below the level of injury. Injuries are classified as complete (total loss of function below the injury) or incomplet…
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalized weakness. Aff…
- Spinal Stenosis (Lumbar Stenosis, Cervical Stenosis)
- A narrowing of the spaces within the spine that can put pressure on the nerves travelling through the spinal column. When spinal stenosis occurs in the cervical (neck) region, it can cause weakness, n…
- Spindex (Speech Index)
- An auditory navigation technique that uses the first letter of each word (spoken or synthesized) as an index to speed up list navigation. When scrolling through alphabetically ordered lists like conta…
- Split Attention (Split-Attention Effect, Divided Attention)
- A cognitive phenomenon in multimedia learning where users must divide their visual attention between multiple information sources presented simultaneously. In accessibility contexts, this is particula…
- Split Attention Effect (Split Attention)
- A cognitive load phenomenon in multimedia learning where learners must divide visual attention between two or more sources of information that should be integrated - for example captions at the bottom…
- Split Tap (Split Tapping)
- A touchscreen interaction technique where the user holds one finger on a target element while tapping with a second finger to activate it. Split tap allows blind users to explore the screen with one f…
- Split-Attention Effect (Split Attention)
- A cognitive load phenomenon that occurs when learners or viewers must divide their visual attention between multiple sources of information that are physically or temporally separated. In captioned me…
- Split-Tap Gesture (Split Tap)
- A two-finger touchscreen gesture where one finger holds position on an object while a second finger taps elsewhere on the screen to activate or select it. Originally developed for the Slide Rule scree…
- Spoken Dialog System (SDS, Voice Dialog System, Conversational AI)
- A computer system that uses speech as both input and output to conduct goal-oriented conversations with users. Unlike simple voice command systems, spoken dialog systems can handle multi-turn exchange…