Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 278 of 333
- Spoken Dialogue System (SDS, Voice Dialogue System)
- A computer system that communicates with users through spoken natural language, allowing them to interact via voice rather than visual or manual interfaces. Spoken dialogue systems are used in telecar…
- Spoken Web (World Wide Telecom Web, WWTW, Telecom Web)
- An alternative web paradigm designed for people in developing regions who are excluded from the traditional World Wide Web by illiteracy, unaffordability, or lack of locally relevant content. In the S…
- Spoon Theory (Spoons)
- A metaphor created by Christine Miserandino to explain the limited energy available to people living with chronic illness or disability. In this framework, each daily activity costs a certain number o…
- Spoon theory (Spoons, Energy accounting)
- A metaphor created by Christine Miserandino to explain the limited energy reserves experienced by people with chronic illness and disabilities. "Spoons" represent units of energy, and every activity —…
- Sports Analytics (Data Analytics in Sports, Performance Analytics)
- The use of data collection, statistical analysis, and technology to measure, track, and improve athletic performance, inform coaching decisions, develop game strategies, and enhance the spectator expe…
- Spreadsheet Accessibility (Accessible Spreadsheets)
- The design and implementation of spreadsheet documents and applications so they can be effectively used by people with disabilities, particularly screen reader users. Key considerations include consis…
- Stable Diffusion
- An open-weights latent text-to-image diffusion model released by Stability AI in 2022. It operates by iteratively denoising a random latent tensor, conditioned on text embeddings produced by a frozen …
- Stable Systems of Access
- Access ecosystems where a disabled person can reliably anticipate available resources, plan long-term, and accumulate stability over time. In a stable system, stakeholders are predictable, resources a…
- Staff Notation (Stave Notation, Standard Music Notation)
- The conventional Western system for writing music using five horizontal lines (a staff or stave) on which notes are placed at different vertical positions to indicate pitch, with various symbols for r…
- Stage Presence (Scenic Presence)
- The ability of a performer to capture and maintain the audience's attention, creating a sense of connection and shared experience through purposeful embodied actions. In accessibility and disability a…
- Stage-Based Model (Stage-Based Model of Personal Informatics)
- A model of personal-informatics use, introduced by Ian Li, Anind Dey, and Jodi Forlizzi (2010), describing how people move through five stages of self-tracking: preparation (deciding to track), collec…
- Stakeholder Research (Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Involvement)
- A research approach that identifies and engages all parties who have an interest in or are affected by a technology, product, or service. In accessibility research, stakeholder research involves consu…
- Stammering (Stuttering, Stammer, Stutter)
- A neurological condition that affects the rhythmic flow of speech, causing involuntary repetitions, prolongations, or blocks of sounds, syllables, or words. Blocking describes audible or silent moment…
- Stanca Act (Legge Stanca, Italian Accessibility Law, Law 4/2004)
- The Stanca Act (Legge Stanca, Law No. 4 of January 9, 2004) is Italy's primary legislation mandating digital accessibility for public sector websites and services. Named after Lucio Stanca, the Minist…
- Stance-Control Orthosis (Stance-control KAFO, SCO, Stance-control knee-ankle-foot orthosis)
- A class of knee-ankle-foot orthoses that lock the knee during the stance (weight-bearing) phase of gait to prevent buckling, but unlock it during the swing phase to allow natural knee flexion. Stance-…
- Standard Human Interface (SHI)
- A concept within the Pervasive Accessible Technology framework referring to a standardized set of input and output capabilities — including microphones, speakers, touch screens, glidepoint touchpads, …
- Standards Harmonization (Standards Harmonisation, Accessibility Standards Alignment)
- The effort to align web accessibility standards and guidelines across different jurisdictions, organizations, and markets to create a unified set of requirements that developers and content creators c…
- Stanford Emotional Narratives Dataset (SEND, SEND Dataset)
- A publicly available dataset of short video clips of people telling emotionally significant personal stories, created by Ong et al. at Stanford (2019) to support multimodal emotion-recognition researc…
- Stargardt Disease (Stargardt Macular Dystrophy, Juvenile Macular Degeneration)
- An inherited eye disease that causes progressive damage to the macula, leading to central vision loss typically beginning in childhood or adolescence. Stargardt disease is the most common form of inhe…
- Stargardt Disease (Stargardt Macular Dystrophy, Fundus Flavimaculatus)
- An inherited eye condition that causes progressive vision loss affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Stargardt disease typically begins in childh…