Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 275 of 333
- Speech Emotion Recognition (SER, Vocal Emotion Recognition)
- A class of machine-learning techniques that infers a speaker's emotional state from acoustic features of speech — pitch contour, intensity, rhythm, spectral properties, voice quality — usually produci…
- Speech Enhancement (Voice Enhancement, Speech Clarity Improvement)
- Audio processing techniques that improve the clarity, intelligibility, and quality of speech in audio or video content. Speech enhancement can involve removing background noise, extending audio bandwi…
- Speech Error (Articulation Error, Pronunciation Error)
- A deviation from the expected or standard production of speech sounds, including substitutions, omissions, additions, and distortions of phonemes. Speech errors are common among people who are deaf or…
- Speech Gap (Dialogue Gap, Audio Gap)
- A pause or silence between spoken dialogue in a video or film where audio descriptions can be inserted without overlapping with the original soundtrack. Identifying speech gaps is a critical first ste…
- Speech Generating Device (SGD, Voice Output Communication Aid, VOCA)
- An electronic device used in augmentative and alternative communication that produces speech output, either through pre-recorded messages or text-to-speech synthesis. Speech generating devices range f…
- Speech Impairment (Speech Disability, Communication Disability)
- A condition affecting the ability to produce speech sounds or to communicate verbally. Speech impairments range from mild articulation difficulties to complete inability to speak, and may be caused by…
- Speech Input (Voice input, Voice control, Speech recognition input)
- An input method that allows users to control devices or enter text by speaking rather than using manual touch or keyboard input. Speech input is particularly important for people with visual impairmen…
- Speech Intelligibility (Speech Recognition Score, Word Recognition)
- A measure of how well speech can be understood by a listener, typically expressed as the percentage of words or sentences correctly identified under specific listening conditions. Speech intelligibili…
- Speech Language Model (SLM, Audio Language Model, Speech Foundation Model)
- A class of large neural models that processes both speech and text in a single end-to-end framework, integrating tasks — automatic speech recognition, spoken language understanding, dialogue, speech g…
- Speech Language Pathologist (SLP, Speech Therapist, Speech-Language Therapist)
- A licensed healthcare professional who specialises in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of communication disorders, including speech, language, voice, fluency, and swallowing difficulties. In a…
- Speech Neuroprosthesis (Speech BCI, Speech Brain-Computer Interface)
- A brain-computer interface that decodes neural activity associated with attempted or imagined speech and converts it into text, synthesized voice, or both. Speech neuroprostheses are designed for peop…
- Speech Output (Auditory Feedback, Spoken Feedback)
- Speech output refers to the use of synthesised or pre-recorded human voice to convey information from a computer system or device to a user. In accessibility contexts, speech output is a primary means…
- Speech Prosodics (Prosodic Features, Suprasegmental Features)
- Speech prosodics refers to the nonverbal acoustic features of speech that convey meaning beyond the words themselves, including pitch (fundamental frequency), rhythm, stress, intonation patterns, paus…
- Speech Rate (Speaking Rate, Articulation Rate)
- The speed at which speech is produced, typically measured in words per minute (WPM) or syllables per second. Normal conversational speech ranges from 120-180 WPM, while screen reader users often confi…
- Speech Reading (Lip Reading, Lipreading, Visual Speech Perception)
- The practice of understanding speech by visually interpreting a speaker's lip movements, facial expressions, gestures, and body language. Speech reading is used by many Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing indivi…
- Speech Recognition (Voice Recognition, STT, Speech-to-Text)
- Technology that converts spoken language into text or commands by analyzing audio input. Speech recognition powers dictation systems, voice assistants, and voice-controlled interfaces. For accessibili…
- Speech Repair (Self-Correction, Speech Self-Repair, Command Correction)
- Speech repair is the process of correcting or modifying a spoken utterance after it has been produced, either within the same turn or in a subsequent one. In natural conversation, speakers commonly in…
- Speech Rule Engine (SRE)
- An open-source JavaScript library that generates speech and Braille output for mathematical expressions given in presentation MathML. The Speech Rule Engine performs semantic interpretation of mathema…
- Speech Sound Disorder (SSD, Speech Disorder, Articulation Disorder, Phonological Disorder)
- A communication disorder affecting the development of accurate speech sound and prosody production in childhood. Children with SSDs struggle with phonological representation, phonological awareness, a…
- Speech Synthesis (Synthetic Speech, TTS Engine)
- The artificial production of human speech by computer, most commonly used in text-to-speech (TTS) systems that convert written text into spoken audio. Speech synthesis is foundational to screen reader…