Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 274 of 333
- Speaker-dependent speech recognition (User-adapted ASR, Personalized speech recognition)
- A speech recognition approach that trains or adapts its acoustic models to a specific individual's voice characteristics, rather than relying solely on general population models. For people with cogni…
- Speaking Behavior (Speaker Behavior, Speech Behavior)
- In accessibility and HCI research, the observable communicative behaviors a speaker exhibits during conversation — including speech rate, voice intensity (loudness), articulation clarity (including hy…
- Spearcon
- A spearcon is a type of auditory icon created by compressing a spoken phrase until it becomes a very brief, distinctive audio cue. Unlike earcons, which use abstract musical sounds, spearcons retain a…
- Spearman correlation (Spearman rank correlation, Spearman's rho)
- A non-parametric statistical measure of the strength and direction of the monotonic relationship between two ranked variables, ranging from -1 to +1. In accessibility evaluation research, Spearman cor…
- Special Category Data (Sensitive Personal Data)
- Under the GDPR, certain types of personal data that receive heightened protection due to their sensitive nature. Special categories include data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, …
- Special Education (Special Needs Education, SPED)
- Educational programs, services, and instruction specifically designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities. Special education encompasses a range of settings from fully inclusive cla…
- Special Educational Needs (SEN, Special Needs Education, Special Education)
- An educational framework referring to children who experience difficulties in learning that require additional or different educational provision. SEN encompasses a broad range of conditions including…
- Special Interest (Hyperfocus Interest, Intense Interest)
- A special interest is a deep, focused, and often long-lasting passion for a specific topic, activity, or subject area, commonly experienced by autistic individuals. Special interests go beyond typical…
- Special Interest Areas (SIAs, Circumscribed Interests, Intense Interests)
- Special interest areas (SIAs) refer to the intense, focused interests that are characteristic of many autistic individuals. While traditionally viewed through a deficit lens as "restricted" or "repeti…
- Special Interests (Restricted Interests, Intense Interests)
- Special interests are focused, intense, and often enduring areas of passion commonly observed in autistic children and adults - such as trains, dinosaurs, specific cartoon characters, or numerical sys…
- Specific Language Impairment (SLI, Developmental Language Disorder)
- A neurodevelopmental condition characterised by significant difficulties in acquiring and using language that cannot be attributed to hearing loss, intellectual disability, neurological damage, or env…
- Specific Learning Disability (SLD, Learning Disability, Learning Disorder)
- A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive, process, store, or respond to information, resulting in significant difficulties with reading, writing, or mathematics that a…
- Spectrogram (Sonogram, Spectral Display)
- A spectrogram is a visual representation of the frequency spectrum of a signal as it varies over time, typically showing time on the horizontal axis, frequency on the vertical axis, and intensity repr…
- Speculative Design (Design Fiction, Critical Design)
- A design approach that uses conceptual proposals and provocative artifacts to explore possible futures, challenge assumptions, and stimulate debate rather than solve immediate practical problems. In a…
- Speech Acts Theory (Speech Act Theory, Illocutionary Acts)
- A theory from the philosophy of language, originally developed by J.L. Austin and John Searle, which holds that utterances are not just statements of fact but also actions that accomplish things — suc…
- Speech Composer (Speech Generation, Message Composition Engine)
- A software component in AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) systems that takes user input — whether typed text, selected symbols, or telegraphic phrases — and processes it for spoken outp…
- Speech Delay (Language Delay, Delayed Speech)
- A condition in which a child does not develop speech and language skills at the expected rate for their age. Speech delay can affect the production of sounds (articulation), the ability to form words …
- Speech Dialogue Design (Speech Interface Design, Auditory Dialogue Design)
- The practice of designing the structure, content, ordering, and delivery of information presented through synthetic speech in computer interfaces. Effective speech dialogue design considers psycholing…
- Speech Disfluency (Disfluent Speech, Non-Fluent Speech)
- Any interruption to the normal flow of speech, including repetitions of sounds or words, prolongations of sounds, blocks (involuntary pauses), interjections, and revisions. While everyone experiences …
- Speech Diversity (Diverse Speech, Non-Typical Speech)
- The full range of ways human speech varies from the narrow 'typical' speech on which most speech-AI systems are trained and benchmarked. Speech diversity includes people who stutter, d/Deaf and Hard-o…