Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
17 results found tagged accessible graphics.
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Automatic Production of Tactile Graphics from Scalable Vector Graphics
This paper from the University of Delaware presents a method for automatically converting Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) into tactile representations for blind users using a Braille embosser. The key innovation exploits the hierarchical tree structur…
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Evaluation of a Non-Visual Molecule Browser
This paper evaluates Kekulé, software designed to allow visually impaired users to explore chemical molecular structures — diagrams that are typically presented as two-dimensional graph schematics showing atoms (nodes) connected by bonds (edges). Mol…
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Design and Implementation of Virtual Environments for Training of the Visually Impaired
This paper from the Informatics and Telematics Institute in Greece presents the ENORASI project, an EU-funded initiative to develop a haptic virtual reality training system for blind and visually impaired people. The system uses a CyberGrasp haptic g…
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A Study of Blind Drawing Practice: Creating Graphical Information Without the Visual Channel
This paper from UC Berkeley investigates how blind users create drawings and proposes a grid-based model for non-visual drawing tools. The researchers began by observing that existing drawing tools for blind users fail because they lack adequate cont…
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Tactile Imaging Using Watershed-Based Image Segmentation
This paper from the University of Delaware proposes a new image segmentation method for automatically converting visual images into tactile representations suitable for display on tactile devices such as microcapsule (swell) paper. The core problem a…
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TDraw: A Computer-Based Tactile Drawing Tool for Blind People
This paper from Freie Universität Berlin presents TDraw, a computer-based system that enables blind people to create tactile drawings and, equally importantly, allows researchers to study how blind people draw. The paper begins with a theoretical ana…
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Constructing Relational Diagrams in Audio: The Multiple Perspective Hierarchical Approach
This paper from Queen Mary, University of London presents a novel approach for constructing and manipulating relational diagrams — such as Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams — through an audio-only interface. While previous research addressed non-visu…
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Comparison of Reading Accuracy between Tactile Pie Charts and Tactile Band Charts
This short paper compares the accuracy and efficiency of reading tactile pie charts versus tactile band charts for determining proportional data through touch. The authors are developing software that automatically generates tactile charts from CSV d…
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Creating Accessible Online Floor Plans for Visually Impaired Readers
This paper presents a generic model for converting online graphics—specifically house floor plans—into accessible formats for blind and severely vision-impaired users. The model supports both fully automatic and semi-automatic transcription, allowing…
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The Tactile Graphics Helper: Providing Audio Clarification for Tactile Graphics Using Machine Vision
This paper presents the Tactile Graphics Helper (TGH), a machine vision system that enables students who are blind or visually impaired to independently access clarifying information about tactile graphics without sighted assistance. Tactile graphics…