Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
166 results found tagged blind and low vision.
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Co-Designing Multimodal Systems for Accessible Asynchronous Dance Instruction
This paper investigates how to design multimodal systems that make asynchronous dance instruction accessible to blind and low vision (BLV) learners. While online exercise videos have proliferated, particularly since COVID-19, dance tutorials rely hea…
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Understanding the Use of a Large Language Model-Powered Guide to Make Virtual Reality Accessible for Blind and Low Vision People
Collins and colleagues present the first empirical user study of an AI-powered 'sighted guide' for blind and low-vision (BLV) users in social virtual reality. Social VR platforms like VRChat (40,000 concurrent players) are largely inaccessible: they …
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ADCanvas: Accessible and Conversational Audio Description Authoring for Blind and Low Vision Creators
Li and colleagues tackle a rarely examined corner of accessibility: the fact that the tools used to produce Audio Description (AD) are themselves largely inaccessible to the blind and low-vision (BLV) creators who are often its most skilled practitio…
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Idea11y: Enhancing Accessibility in Collaborative Ideation for Blind or Low Vision Screen Reader Users
Digital whiteboards such as Miro and FigJam have become central to brainstorming, design sprints, and UX research, yet their reliance on freeform spatial layout, drag-and-drop manipulation, and rapid visual scanning leaves blind and low-vision (BLV) …
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Programmers Who Use Screen Readers in the Vibe Coding Era: Adaptation, Empowerment, and New Accessibility Landscape
This two-week, three-phase longitudinal study investigates how 16 blind and low-vision (BLV) programmers who rely on screen readers engage with advanced AI code assistants, specifically GitHub Copilot in Visual Studio Code. The study was motivated by…
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Accessibility-Driven Information Transformations in Mixed-Visual Ability Work Teams
This paper presents a five-day diary study with follow-up interviews and two focus groups, examining how mixed-visual ability work teams perform accessibility-driven information transformations. The authors recruited 30 participants (18 BLV, 12 sight…
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A11y-CUA Dataset: Characterizing the Accessibility Gap in Computer Use Agents
A11y-CUA is an open dataset and benchmark designed to expose the accessibility gap in Computer Use Agents (CUAs) — AI systems like OpenAI Operator, Anthropic Computer Use, and Microsoft Copilot that operate computers by taking screenshots and perform…
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A11yExtensions: Accessibility Extensions to Augment Mobile AI Assistive Technology In-Situ
A11yExtensions introduces the concept of in-situ extensions for mobile AI assistive technology — add-on services that augment existing deployed applications like Seeing AI, Be My AI, and Lookout with additional features, without modifying or replacin…
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RAVEN: Realtime Accessibility in Virtual ENvironments for Blind and Low-Vision People
RAVEN is a GenAI-powered system enabling blind and low-vision (BLV) users to query and modify 3D virtual environments in real time through natural language. Rather than relying on developer-defined static accessibility features (such as fixed audio d…
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Transcoding Proxy for Nonvisual Web Access
This paper presents a transcoding proxy system developed at IBM Japan that transforms existing web pages to be more accessible for blind users. The authors address the growing problem of web pages being designed with increasingly complex layouts that…