Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
7 results found tagged avatar.
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Understanding the Use of a Large Language Model-Powered Guide to Make Virtual Reality Accessible for Blind and Low Vision People
Collins and colleagues present the first empirical user study of an AI-powered 'sighted guide' for blind and low-vision (BLV) users in social virtual reality. Social VR platforms like VRChat (40,000 concurrent players) are largely inaccessible: they …
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Modeling and Synthesizing Spatially Inflected Verbs for American Sign Language Animations
This paper presents a novel computational method for automatically synthesizing animations of American Sign Language (ASL) verbs that undergo spatial inflection — a grammatical process where verb motion paths change based on the 3D locations in space…
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ChatWoz: Chatting through a Wizard of Oz
ChatWoz is a Wizard of Oz system designed to enable autistic children to interact with caregivers through a virtual avatar. The system was motivated by widely reported cases of autistic children enthusiastically engaging with commercial virtual assis…
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Demographic and Experiential Factors Influencing Acceptance of Sign Language Animation by Deaf Users
This paper addresses a critical methodological gap in sign language animation research: the lack of standardized reporting on participant characteristics that may influence evaluation results. Sign language animation technology—which automatically sy…
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Enabling the blind in virtual worlds
This paper from IBM's Human Ability and Accessibility Center describes experimental techniques for enabling blind users to participate in virtual world environments. Unlike conventional web content where text and images can be given alternative descr…
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At a Different Pace: Evaluating Whether Users Prefer Timing Parameters in American Sign Language Animations to Differ from Human Signers' Timing
This paper investigates whether deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) ASL signers actually prefer sign language animations with timing parameters that match human signers, or whether they prefer some form of exaggeration for additional clarity. Adding ASL a…
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CoSignPlay: A Collaborative Approach to Learning Non-Manual Signs in ASL for Hearing Families with Deaf Children
This paper introduces CoSignPlay, a novel collaborative learning approach for teaching non-manual signs (NMS) in American Sign Language to hearing families with deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. Over 90% of DHH children are born to hearing fam…