Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
22 results found tagged natural language generation.
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Design and Evaluation of an American Sign Language Generator
Huenerfauth, Zhao, Gu, and Allbeck (2007) describe the implementation and user evaluation of a prototype system for generating animations of American Sign Language (ASL) classifier predicates — spatially complex hand movements that trace the location…
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A Multi-Path Architecture for Machine Translation of English Text into American Sign Language Animation
Huenerfauth's 2004 student-research-workshop paper proposes a 'multi-path' (or 'pyramidal') architecture for English-to-American Sign Language machine translation that unifies the three classical MT paradigms — direct, transfer, and interlingua — int…
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American Sign Language natural language generation and machine translation
Matt Huenerfauth's 2005 paper describes a research programme to build an English-to-American Sign Language (ASL) machine translation (MT) system that generates animations of a 3D virtual-reality signing character. The author frames the project agains…
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American Sign Language Generation: Multimodal NLG with Multiple Linguistic Channels
This short student-research-workshop paper presents the design rationale for Huenerfauth's English-to-ASL machine translation system, framing American Sign Language generation as a form of multimodal natural language generation (NLG) with multiple pa…
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Improving Accessibility to Statistical Graphs: The iGraph-Lite System
This paper from Carleton University and Statistics Canada presents iGraph-Lite, a system that makes statistical graphs accessible to blind and visually impaired people by generating natural language descriptions and providing an interactive navigatio…
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Evaluating American Sign Language Generation Through the Participation of Native ASL Signers
This paper addresses the challenge of generating animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, focusing specifically on classifier predicates — complex spatial constructions that describe the location, movement, size, and shape of objects. Wh…
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TAIG: textually accessible information graphics
This short paper presents TAIG (Textually Accessible Information Graphics), a system designed to make bar charts and other information graphics accessible to people with visual impairments by generating coherent natural language summaries. TAIG exten…
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Evaluation of a psycholinguistically motivated timing model for animations of American Sign Language
This paper investigates how psycholinguistic insights about the timing and speed of American Sign Language (ASL) can improve computer-generated sign language animations. The author developed two algorithms — a sign-duration algorithm and a pause-inse…
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Evaluating a Tool for Improving Accessibility to Charts and Graphs
This paper presents two formative usability studies of iGraph-Lite, a natural language-based assistive technology that enables blind and visually impaired people to interact with statistical line graphs through keyboard commands and text-to-speech ou…
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Modeling and Synthesizing Spatially Inflected Verbs for American Sign Language Animations
This paper presents a novel computational method for automatically synthesizing animations of American Sign Language (ASL) verbs that undergo spatial inflection — a grammatical process where verb motion paths change based on the 3D locations in space…