Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
8 results found tagged sign language generation.
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Beyond Technical Metrics: Understanding the Gap Between AI Performance and Deaf User Experience in Chinese Natural Sign Language Generation
This CHI 2026 paper investigates the disconnect between technical performance metrics and actual Deaf user experience in AI-generated Chinese Natural Sign Language (CNSL). The authors argue that existing sign language generation research, dominated b…
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Design and Evaluation of an American Sign Language Generator
Huenerfauth, Zhao, Gu, and Allbeck (2007) describe the implementation and user evaluation of a prototype system for generating animations of American Sign Language (ASL) classifier predicates — spatially complex hand movements that trace the location…
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A Multi-Path Architecture for Machine Translation of English Text into American Sign Language Animation
Huenerfauth's 2004 student-research-workshop paper proposes a 'multi-path' (or 'pyramidal') architecture for English-to-American Sign Language machine translation that unifies the three classical MT paradigms — direct, transfer, and interlingua — int…
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American Sign Language natural language generation and machine translation
Matt Huenerfauth's 2005 paper describes a research programme to build an English-to-American Sign Language (ASL) machine translation (MT) system that generates animations of a 3D virtual-reality signing character. The author frames the project agains…
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Evaluating American Sign Language Generation Through the Participation of Native ASL Signers
This paper addresses the challenge of generating animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, focusing specifically on classifier predicates — complex spatial constructions that describe the location, movement, size, and shape of objects. Wh…
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The FATE Landscape of Sign Language AI Datasets: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
This interdisciplinary paper examines the ethical landscape of AI datasets used for sign language recognition, generation, and translation technologies. Drawing on expertise from deaf community members, sign language linguists, and AI researchers, th…
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A Systematic Review of User Studies as a Basis for the Design of Systems for Automatic Sign Language Processing
This systematic literature review examines how user studies have been conducted in the design of Automatic Sign Language Processing (ASLP) systems. The authors searched seven repositories plus Google Scholar, identifying 2,486 papers and ultimately s…
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Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
This paper provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary overview of sign language processing — encompassing recognition, generation, and translation — produced through a two-day workshop bringing together 39 experts from computer science, linguistics, …