Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Web Accessibility: Is Conformance Evaluation a Way Forward?

  Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer, Michael Cooper (2018) — Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper from three W3C/WAI staff members explores the potential and limitations of applying artificial intelligence to improve web accessibility, proposing accessibility conformance evaluation as a strategic pathway to accelerate AI adoption…

  • artificial intelligence
  • web accessibility
  • WCAG
  • automated testing
  • machine learning
  • image recognition
  • alternative text
  • conformance evaluation
  • W3C
  • accessibility standards

• Optimising the Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology

  Alexander Hambley, Yeliz Yesilada, Markel Vigo, Simon Harper (2022) — Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper critically examines the Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM), the W3C's standard five-step process for evaluating website conformance to WCAG. The authors identify several methodological weaknesses in WCAG-EM …

  • accessibility evaluation
  • WCAG-EM
  • sampling methodology
  • automated testing
  • web crawling
  • conformance evaluation
  • accessibility audit
  • statistical methods