Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
79 results found in Artificial Intelligence.
- Semantic Segmentation (Pixel-Level Classification, Scene Parsing)
- A computer vision technique that classifies every pixel in an image into a predefined category, producing a detailed map of what objects are present and where they are located. Unlike object detection…
- Small Language Model (SLM)
- A language model, typically ranging from tens of millions to a few billion parameters, designed to run on consumer or edge devices rather than in centralized cloud data centers. Small language models …
- Sound Classification (Sound Event Detection, Audio Classification)
- The automated process of identifying and categorizing sounds into predefined categories such as speech, music, alarms, animal sounds, or environmental noise. Sound classification is a foundational cap…
- Speaker Diarization (Speaker Segmentation)
- The process of partitioning an audio stream into segments according to speaker identity, determining "who spoke when" in a multi-speaker recording or conversation. Speaker diarization is important for…
- Speech Language Model (SLM, Audio Language Model, Speech Foundation Model)
- A class of large neural models that processes both speech and text in a single end-to-end framework, integrating tasks — automatic speech recognition, spoken language understanding, dialogue, speech g…
- Stable Diffusion
- An open-weights latent text-to-image diffusion model released by Stability AI in 2022. It operates by iteratively denoising a random latent tensor, conditioned on text embeddings produced by a frozen …
- Task Automation (Web Task Automation, Browser Automation)
- The use of software agents or scripts to automatically perform web-based tasks on behalf of users, such as filling forms, making purchases, or extracting information. Task automation in accessibility …
- Teachable Object Recognition (Teachable Object Recognizer, TOR, Personalized Object Recognition)
- A machine learning approach that allows users to train an object recognition system to identify their own personal items by providing a small number of training examples, typically photos or videos. T…
- Text-to-Image Generation (Text-to-Image AI, Text-to-Image Synthesis)
- An artificial intelligence capability that creates visual images from natural language text descriptions, also known as prompts. Tools such as DALL-E, MidJourney, and Stable Diffusion use large-scale …
- Text-to-Image Model (T2I Model, T2I, Text-to-Image Generator)
- A generative AI system that produces images from natural-language prompts. Prominent examples include DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney. In accessibility contexts, text-to-image models have bee…
- Trajectory Analysis (Route Analysis, Path Analysis)
- The computational study of movement patterns over time and space, typically derived from GPS or other location data. Trajectory analysis involves modelling, comparing, and classifying sequences of spa…
- Turing Test (Imitation Game)
- The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is a thought experiment for assessing whether a machine's conversational behaviour is indistinguishable from that of a human. A human evaluator engage…
- Vision Language Model (VLM, Vision-Language Model, Multimodal Large Language Model)
- A machine-learning model trained to take both images and natural-language text as input and to produce natural-language output. Modern VLMs — such as GPT-4o, Gemini, and Claude — can describe a photo,…
- Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN)
- Vision-and-language navigation is a task setup in which an agent follows natural-language instructions to move through a visual environment, grounding words like 'turn left at the blue sofa' onto what…
- Visual Dialogue (Visual Dialog, VisDial)
- Visual dialogue is an AI task that involves holding a multi-turn natural language conversation about visual content such as an image or video frame. Unlike single-turn visual question answering (VQA),…
- Voice Assistant (Virtual Assistant, Smart Speaker)
- An AI-powered system that responds to voice commands to perform tasks, answer questions, and control devices, such as Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri. Voice assistants have accessibilit…
- Voice Cloning (Voice Synthesis Cloning, Personalized Text-to-Speech)
- The use of machine-learning models to synthesise a target speaker's voice from a short reference recording, enabling text-to-speech output that sounds like that specific person. For accessibility, voi…
- Web Agent (Autonomous Web Agent, Browser Agent)
- An AI system that can autonomously perform tasks on websites by interpreting user goals and executing actions such as clicking, typing, and navigating. Web agents often use large language models or mu…
- Web Information Extraction (WIE, Web Data Extraction, Web Scraping)
- Web Information Extraction (WIE) is a set of techniques for automatically identifying and extracting structured data from web pages. In the context of accessibility, WIE methods are used to analyze th…