Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
40 results found in Captioning.
- Affective Captions (Affective Captioning, Emotive Captions)
- Captions that convey not only the spoken words but also the emotional qualities of speech — such as valence (positive vs. negative tone) and arousal (intensity) — typically through typographic modulat…
- Automated Speech Recognition (ASR, Speech-to-Text, Voice Recognition)
- Technology that converts spoken language into written text using machine learning and signal processing algorithms. In accessibility, ASR is used for real-time captioning, voice control of devices and…
- Automatic Caption Evaluation (ACE, ACE Framework, ACE Metric)
- A caption-quality evaluation framework introduced by Sushant Kafle and Matt Huenerfauth (2017-2018) that scores automatically generated captions based on their usability for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing r…
- Automatic Captions (Auto-Generated Captions, Auto Captions, ASR Captions)
- Captions produced by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems without human transcription, typically generated by the hosting platform (e.g., YouTube, Zoom, Microsoft Teams) as an optional layer on …
- C-Print (C-Print Pro)
- A meaning-for-meaning real-time captioning service where a trained captioner produces a condensed transcription of spoken classroom content, as opposed to the verbatim word-for-word transcription prov…
- CART (Communication Access Realtime Translation, Computer-Aided Real-Time Translation)
- A real-time captioning service in which a trained stenographer uses a specialized keyboard to transcribe spoken language into text as it is spoken, typically achieving accuracy rates above 98%. CART i…
- CART (Communication Access Realtime Translation, Real-Time Captioning, Realtime Captioning)
- A professional service providing instant, verbatim text display of spoken content, typically delivered by trained stenographers using specialized equipment. CART achieves accuracy rates of 98% or high…
- CART (Communication Access Real-Time Translation, Real-Time Captioning, Stenography, Real-Time Stenography)
- A real-time captioning service where a trained stenographer uses a specialized keyboard to transcribe speech into text as it is spoken, typically with only a few seconds of delay. CART provides word-f…
- CEA-708 (CTA-708, EIA-708, Digital Closed Captioning)
- A US standard for digital closed captioning on digital television broadcasts and streaming, superseding the analog-era CEA-608 standard. CEA-708 supports richer presentation than its predecessor, incl…
- Caption Accuracy (Captioning Accuracy, Transcription Accuracy)
- A measure of how correctly captions represent the spoken content, typically expressed as the percentage of words that match the ground truth transcript. Caption accuracy is critical for deaf and hard …
- Caption Flow (Captioning Flow, Text Flow)
- The smoothness and regularity with which caption text appears and updates on screen during real-time captioning. Good caption flow means text arrives at a consistent pace without jarring delays, sudde…
- Caption Quality (Subtitle Quality)
- The overall fitness of a set of captions or subtitles for their intended accessibility purpose. Quality is multi-dimensional: it includes text accuracy (whether spoken words are correctly transcribed,…
- Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART, Realtime Captioning, Stenographic Captioning)
- A captioning service where a trained professional uses a stenographic keyboard to transcribe spoken language into text in real time, producing near-verbatim captions. CART provides the highest accurac…
- Hybrid Captioning (AI-Augmented Captioning, Blended Captioning)
- A captioning approach that combines human-generated captions with AI-powered correction or enhancement to achieve higher accuracy than either method alone. Hybrid systems leverage the reliability and …
- Keyword Reading Strategy (Content Word Strategy)
- The keyword reading strategy is a sentence-comprehension approach in which a reader focuses primarily on high-content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) to derive the meaning of a sentence,…
- Latency (Delay, Lag, Response Time)
- The time delay between when an event occurs and when its accessible representation is delivered to the user. In real-time captioning, latency is the gap between spoken words and their appearance as te…
- NER Model (Number, Edition, Recognition Model, NER Accuracy Model)
- A caption-quality evaluation model developed by Pablo Romero-Fresco and Juan Martínez Pérez for measuring the accuracy of live subtitling and respeaking. Unlike Word Error Rate, which penalises all er…
- Participatory Captioning
- A framework proposed by Nguyen et al. (2026) that characterises social media video captioning as a collaborative, community-sustained infrastructure co-produced by viewers, creators, and platforms — r…
- Re-speaking (Respeaking, Speech-to-Text Relay)
- A captioning technique in which a trained operator listens to a speaker and repeats (re-speaks) their words clearly into a high-quality microphone in a controlled environment, allowing automatic speec…
- Real-Time Captioning (CART, Communication Access Realtime Translation, Live Captioning, Real-Time Text)
- The instant conversion of spoken language into text displayed simultaneously as speech occurs, provided either by a trained human captioner or through automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. Re…