Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
192 results found in artificial intelligence.
- Face Recognition (Facial Recognition, Face Detection)
- A technology that uses computer vision and machine learning to identify or verify a person by analysing their facial features from images or video. In accessibility contexts, face recognition has sign…
- Facial Expression Recognition (FER, Facial Action Recognition)
- Computer vision technology that detects and classifies facial expressions from images or video. In sign language contexts, facial expression recognition is essential for capturing non-manual signs — t…
- False Negative (Type II Error)
- An error in which a system fails to identify something that is actually present or true. In privacy and obfuscation contexts, a false negative occurs when an AI system fails to detect private content …
- False Positive (Type I Error)
- An error in which a system incorrectly identifies something as present or true when it is not. In privacy and obfuscation contexts, a false positive occurs when an AI system incorrectly flags non-priv…
- Few-Shot Learning (N-Shot Learning, Low-Shot Learning)
- Few-shot learning is a machine learning approach that enables AI models to learn new concepts from only a small number of examples — typically 1 to 10 — rather than the hundreds or thousands tradition…
- GenAI Accessibility (Generative AI Accessibility)
- The design and implementation of generative AI tools—including large language model chatbots, AI image describers, and multimodal AI systems—so they can be fully and equitably used by people with disa…
- Gender recognition (Automatic gender recognition, AGR, Gender classification)
- AI technology that attempts to infer a person's gender from visual features such as facial characteristics, body shape, or voice. Gender recognition systems are controversial in accessibility contexts…
- Generative AI (GenAI, Generative Artificial Intelligence)
- Artificial intelligence systems that can create new content — including text, images, audio, video, and code — based on patterns learned from training data. Generative AI tools like ChatGPT, DALL-E, M…
- Generative Adversarial Network (GAN, Adversarial Network)
- A type of deep learning architecture consisting of two neural networks — a generator and a discriminator — that are trained in competition with each other. The generator creates synthetic data (such a…
- Gloss (Sign Gloss, Gloss Notation)
- A form of transliteration used in sign language research where written words from a spoken language (typically the dominant spoken language of the region, such as English) are used as labels to repres…
- Guide-by-Pointing (Point-and-Ask, Hand-Guided Visual Query)
- A prompting technique for multimodal AI assistants where a user extends their hand into the camera's field of view and asks the AI to identify what they are pointing at, or to provide spatial directio…
- Head Pose Estimation (Head Orientation Detection, Gaze Direction Estimation)
- A computer vision technique that determines the orientation or direction a person's head is facing, typically classifying whether someone is looking towards or away from the camera. In accessibility c…
- Hidden Markov Model (HMM)
- A statistical model used extensively in pattern recognition where the system being modeled is assumed to follow a Markov process with hidden (unobserved) states. HMMs have been foundational in both au…
- High-Stakes Scenarios (Safety-Critical Scenarios)
- Situations where errors in AI-generated information could lead to significant safety, health, financial, or social consequences. In the context of visual access technology for BLV users, high-stakes s…
- Human Computation
- A computing paradigm in which humans perform tasks that computers cannot yet do reliably, often embedded within systems that combine human and machine capabilities. The classic example is reCAPTCHA, w…
- Human-AI Collaboration (Human-AI Teaming, AI-Assisted Authoring)
- An interaction paradigm where humans and artificial intelligence systems work together, each contributing their complementary strengths to achieve outcomes neither could produce as effectively alone. …
- Human-AI Interaction (HAI, Human-AI Collaboration, AI Interaction Design)
- The study and design of how people interact with artificial intelligence systems, including how AI communicates its outputs, uncertainty, and limitations to users. Key principles include making AI beh…
- Human-like trust in AI (Anthropomorphic trust)
- The phenomenon where users develop trust in AI systems based on their human-like qualities — such as natural voice, conversational style, emotional expressiveness, and social behaviors — rather than t…
- Ideational Convergence (Creative Homogenization)
- A phenomenon where the use of generative AI tools leads to a narrowing of creative diversity, as multiple users producing content with the same AI system tend to converge on similar outputs. In audio …
- Image Captioning (Automatic Image Description, AI Image Description)
- A computer vision task in which an AI model generates a natural language description of the content of an image. In accessibility contexts, image captioning technology enables visually impaired users …