Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
66 results found in machine learning.
- Neural Network (Artificial Neural Network, ANN)
- A machine learning model inspired by the structure of biological neural networks in the brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes (neurons) that process information by adjusting weighted con…
- Optical Flow
- A computer vision method that estimates the apparent motion of objects between consecutive video frames by tracking pixel displacement patterns. Optical flow calculates velocity vectors showing moveme…
- POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process)
- A Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a mathematical framework for modelling decision-making in situations where an agent cannot fully observe the state of its environment. In acce…
- Particle Filtering (Sequential Monte Carlo, Particle Filter)
- Particle filtering is a probabilistic localization technique that estimates a user's position by maintaining a cloud of weighted "particles," each representing a possible location. As new sensor data …
- Pattern Recognition
- A branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence focused on identifying regularities, patterns, and structures in data such as images, sounds, or sensor readings. In accessibility, pattern rec…
- Polar Motion Profile (PMP)
- A Polar Motion Profile (PMP) is a computational technique used in sign language detection that models the quantity and distribution of motion relative to a detected face using polar coordinates. The m…
- Privacy-Enhancing Data Filters (Privacy Filters, Data Obfuscation Filters)
- Visual or data modifications applied to training datasets that obscure the identity of contributors while preserving the information needed for machine learning tasks. In the context of sign language …
- Project Sidewalk
- An open-source web-based crowdsourcing tool developed at the University of Washington that enables volunteers to virtually audit sidewalk accessibility using Google Street View panoramas. Contributors…
- Random Forest Classifier (Random Forest)
- A machine learning algorithm that creates multiple decision trees during training and outputs the class that is the mode of the individual trees predictions. Random forests are widely used in gesture …
- SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique)
- A data augmentation technique that addresses class imbalance in machine learning datasets by generating synthetic examples of the minority class rather than simply duplicating existing ones. SMOTE cre…
- Scene Classification (Scene Recognition, Scene Understanding)
- Scene classification is a computer vision task that categorizes images or video frames into predefined scene types such as indoor/outdoor, kitchen, office, or street. For accessibility, scene classifi…
- Sign language translation (SLT, Sign-to-text translation)
- The automatic conversion of sign language video into written or spoken language text using machine learning. Unlike sign language recognition, which identifies individual signs or glosses, sign langua…
- Signer-Independent Recognition (signer-independent SLR)
- A sign language recognition approach designed to work with signers whose data was not included in the training set. Similar to speaker-independent speech recognition, signer-independent systems must h…
- Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
- A mathematical technique that decomposes a matrix into three component matrices, used to reduce high-dimensional data to its most important features while preserving essential relationships. In access…
- Sound Recognition (Sound Classification, Audio Event Detection, Environmental Sound Recognition)
- Technology that automatically identifies and classifies sounds in a user's environment, typically using machine learning models trained on audio datasets. In accessibility contexts, sound recognition …
- Speech Emotion Recognition (SER, Vocal Emotion Recognition)
- A class of machine-learning techniques that infers a speaker's emotional state from acoustic features of speech — pitch contour, intensity, rhythm, spectral properties, voice quality — usually produci…
- Support Vector Machine (SVM)
- A supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression tasks. SVMs work by finding the optimal hyperplane that separates data points into distinct categories in a high-dimensio…
- Teachable AI (Teachable Machine Learning, Interactive Machine Learning)
- Teachable AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that allow end users to personalize the system by providing their own training examples, high-level constraints, or prompts — without requiring p…
- Teachable Object Recognizer (Teachable Machine, Personalized Object Recognizer)
- A machine learning application that allows end users to train custom object recognition models by providing their own example images, rather than relying on pre-trained models with fixed categories. I…
- Topic Modeling (LDA, Latent Dirichlet Allocation)
- A machine learning technique that automatically discovers abstract themes or topics within a collection of documents by analyzing patterns of word co-occurrence. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is t…