Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 196 of 333
- NIDILRR (NIDRR, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research)
- A U.S. federal agency within the Administration for Community Living that funds disability and rehabilitation research, including accessible technology development. Originally named NIDRR (National In…
- NIMAS (National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard)
- A technical standard in the United States that defines a consistent file format for producing accessible versions of print instructional materials. NIMAS is based on the DAISY/NISO standard and specif…
- NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access)
- A free, open-source screen reader for Windows developed by NV Access. NVDA provides speech and braille output, enabling blind and low-vision users to interact with the operating system, web browsers, …
- NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access)
- A free, open-source screen reader for Microsoft Windows developed by NV Access. NVDA enables people who are blind or have low vision to use computers by reading on-screen text aloud through a speech s…
- Named Entity Recognition (NER)
- A natural language processing technique that identifies and classifies named entities in text into predefined categories such as person names, locations, organizations, quantities, and domain-specific…
- Naming Practice (Confrontation Naming, Naming Therapy, Picture Naming)
- A speech-language therapy technique in which individuals with aphasia are shown pictures of familiar objects and asked to produce the corresponding word. Naming practice is one of the most common and …
- Narrative Engagement (Story Engagement)
- A multidimensional construct used in media studies and HCI research to capture how deeply a viewer is drawn into a story, including narrative understanding, attentional focus, narrative presence (the …
- Narrative Immersion (Story Immersion, Narrative Presence)
- A psychological state in which the audience becomes deeply absorbed in a story world, perceiving the mediated content as if it were an unmediated reality. In accessible media, narrative immersion enco…
- Narrative Prosthesis
- A concept from disability studies describing how disability is used as a literary and rhetorical device—a plot driver, metaphor, or character-enriching detail—within narratives that ultimately serve t…
- Narrative Route Description (Verbal Route Guidance, Turn-by-Turn Narrative)
- A structured verbal representation of a travel route that guides users through sequential steps using spoken or text-based instructions. Effective narrative descriptions for blind travelers typically …
- Narrative Skills (Narrative Competence, Storytelling Skills)
- The ability to recount events — real or imagined — as a coherent, temporally ordered, causally linked story that another person can follow. Narrative skills rest on autobiographical memory retrieval, …
- Narrative Style (Descriptive Style, AD Voice)
- The distinctive approach a describer takes when writing audio descriptions, encompassing choices about language formality, emotional tone, level of interpretation, detail density, and pacing. Narrativ…
- Narrative-Flip Method (Narrative flip)
- A qualitative HCI research method in which participants first encounter a technology or artifact without knowing its origins or intent, reflect on it, and only afterwards are told its disability-led, …
- Narrator (Windows Narrator)
- The built-in screen reader included with Microsoft Windows operating systems. Narrator reads aloud text on screen, describes notifications and interface elements, and allows users to navigate Windows …
- Narrow-Deep Interface (Narrow-Deep UI, Wizard Interface, Step-by-Step Interface)
- A user interface design pattern that presents information across many screens, with only a small amount of content per screen. Users navigate through multiple sequential screens rather than scrolling …
- Narrowband Audio (NB Audio, Standard Definition Voice)
- Audio transmission limited to the frequency range of approximately 300-3,400 Hz, which has historically been the standard for telephone networks (PSTN). While sufficient for basic speech intelligibili…
- National Accessibility Portal (NAP, South African National Accessibility Portal)
- A South African government-supported web portal developed by the Meraka Institute (CSIR) to provide accessible information sharing for the disability sector. The NAP was designed from inception as an …
- National Diet Library (NDL, NDL Japan)
- The national library of Japan, founded in 1948, and a major stakeholder in the production of accessible Japanese digital content. NDL operates large-scale digitisation projects for historical and cont…
- National Federation of the Blind (NFB)
- The largest membership organization of blind people in the United States, founded in 1940. The NFB advocates for the rights and equality of blind and low vision people through policy work, technology …
- National Library Service (NLS, National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled)
- A program of the Library of Congress in the United States that provides Braille and audio materials to eligible borrowers who are blind, have low vision, or have physical disabilities that prevent the…