Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 198 of 333
- Navigation Robot (Guide Robot, Autonomous Navigation Robot)
- A robotic system designed to guide users through physical spaces, providing wayfinding assistance and contextual information. In museum contexts, navigation robots can lead visually impaired visitors …
- Navilens
- A navigation and information system that uses specially designed colorful QR-like codes that can be detected by a smartphone camera from long distances and wide angles, without requiring precise aimin…
- Near Visual Acuity (NVA, Near Acuity)
- A measure of the eye's ability to resolve fine detail at a close distance, typically tested at 40 centimetres. Near visual acuity is particularly important for tasks involving reading, handheld device…
- Near-Duplicate Pages (ND Pages, Near-Duplicate Web Pages)
- Near-duplicate pages are web pages that belong to the same functional state from a testing perspective but exhibit low visual or structural similarity due to dynamic content differences. Common causes…
- Near-Miss Detection (Near-Miss Interaction)
- A strategy for identifying when a user almost but not quite succeeds at a device interaction, suggesting they might benefit from an accessibility accommodation. For example, if a user repeatedly attem…
- Neck Range of Motion (Cervical Range of Motion, Neck ROM)
- The extent to which a person can move their head and neck through three planes of rotation: flexion and extension (nodding forward and backward), axial rotation (turning left and right), and lateral b…
- Need-Finding Interview (Need-Finding Study, Needs Assessment Interview)
- A qualitative research method conducted early in the design process to understand users' current practices, challenges, unmet needs, and desires for future solutions. Need-finding interviews typically…
- Negativity bias in online communities (Online negativity bias)
- The tendency for negative experiences and opinions to be disproportionately represented in online discussion forums and social media communities compared to the broader population's experiences. In di…
- Negotiated Agency
- A dynamic model of creative control in collaborative content creation where individuals with disabilities fluidly shift between the roles of director, collaborator, and editor in response to the task …
- Nemeth Braille (Nemeth Code, Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics)
- A specialized Braille code designed for representing mathematical and scientific notation, developed by Abraham Nemeth and adopted by the Library of Congress. Unlike literary Braille, Nemeth Braille h…
- Nemeth Braille Code (Nemeth Code, Nemeth Mathematics Braille)
- A system of Braille encoding developed by Abraham Nemeth in 1946 for representing mathematical and scientific notation, widely used in the United States and some other English-speaking countries. The …
- Nemeth Code (Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics and Science)
- A specialized braille code developed by Abraham Nemeth for representing mathematics, science notation, and technical symbols. Nemeth Code provides a comprehensive system for expressing equations, frac…
- Networked Minds Social Presence Inventory (Networked Minds Measure of Social Presence, NMSPI)
- The Networked Minds Social Presence Inventory is a self-report questionnaire developed by Biocca, Harms and colleagues to measure social presence - the sense of 'being together' with another person - …
- Neural Control (Neural Interface, Neural Signal Input)
- A method of computer interaction where users modulate their brain signals, detected through electroencephalography (EEG) or other neural monitoring technologies, to generate input commands. Neural con…
- Neural Network (Artificial Neural Network, ANN)
- A machine learning model inspired by the structure of biological neural networks in the brain, consisting of interconnected layers of nodes (neurons) that process information by adjusting weighted con…
- Neural Plasticity (Neuroplasticity, Brain Plasticity)
- The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. In the context of accessibility, neural plasticity explains how people who are blind or visually impaired de…
- Neural Prosthetics (Neuroprosthetics, Neural Prostheses)
- Devices that interface directly with the nervous system to restore or supplement lost sensory, motor, or cognitive functions. Neural prosthetics can be input devices (reading neural signals to control…
- Neural Radiance Field (NeRF)
- An implicit neural representation of a 3D scene, introduced by Mildenhall et al. in 2020, in which a small neural network is trained to map any 3D coordinate and viewing direction to a colour and dens…
- Neural Vocoder
- A deep-learning model that synthesises audio waveforms from intermediate acoustic representations such as mel-spectrograms or discrete speech units. Examples include HiFi-GAN, WaveNet, WaveGlow, and S…
- Neuroaffirmative Practice (Neurodiversity-Affirming Practice, Neuroaffirming Approach)
- An approach to support, therapy, education, and technology design that affirms neurodivergent identities and ways of being rather than seeking to normalize them. Neuroaffirmative practice recognizes n…