Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 330 of 333
- Word Retrieval (Word Finding, Lexical Retrieval)
- The cognitive process of accessing and selecting the correct word from memory to express an intended meaning during writing or speech. People with dyslexia frequently experience word retrieval difficu…
- Word deafness (Pure word deafness, Auditory verbal agnosia)
- A specific type of auditory agnosia in which a person can hear speech sounds but cannot comprehend spoken words, despite having normal hearing and the ability to read, write, and speak. People with wo…
- Word error rate (WER)
- The standard metric for evaluating automatic speech recognition accuracy, calculated as the number of substitutions, deletions, and insertions divided by the total number of words in the reference tra…
- Word importance (Lexical importance, Information content)
- A measure of how critical a specific word is to the overall meaning of a sentence, typically computed using neural language models that estimate how predictable a word is from its context. In captioni…
- Word sense disambiguation (WSD)
- A natural language processing task that determines which meaning of a word is being used in a given context when the word has multiple possible meanings (polysemy). In accessibility applications, part…
- Word-Finding Difficulty (Anomia, Word Retrieval Difficulty, Tip-of-the-Tongue)
- A common symptom of aphasia where a person knows what they want to say but cannot retrieve the correct word. Word-finding difficulties can range from occasional pauses to severe impairment where even …
- Word-Finding Difficulty (Word-Finding Deficit, Word Retrieval Difficulty)
- A language impairment characterised by difficulty retrieving specific words during conversation or communication, despite the person knowing the word and its meaning. Word-finding difficulties are a h…
- WordNet
- A large-scale electronic lexical database of the English language developed at Princeton University, in which nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are grouped into sets of cognitive synonyms (synsets…
- Words Per Minute (WPM)
- A standard measure of speech or reading speed, representing the number of words produced or comprehended in one minute. Typical human speech occurs at 120-180 WPM, average reading speed is 200-250 WPM…
- Workaround (Hack, Alternative Strategy)
- A method or technique used to bypass or overcome a limitation, barrier, or deficiency in a system, particularly when the intended functionality is inaccessible or broken. In accessibility, workarounds…
- Worker Assistance System (Digital Worker Assistance, Cognitive Assistance System)
- Technology systems that support workers during the execution of work processes by providing interactive step-by-step instructions through text, images, videos, audio, and spatial hints. These systems …
- Workflow Accessibility (Accessible Workflow, End-to-End Accessibility)
- The principle that every step in a multi-step process or workflow must be accessible for the entire process to be usable by people with disabilities. Workflow accessibility recognizes that a single in…
- Working Memory
- The cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information needed for complex tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. Working memory is a core executive functi…
- Working memory (Short-term memory)
- The cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information during complex tasks such as language comprehension, reasoning, and decision-making. Working memory has limited ca…
- Workplace Accessibility
- The degree to which work environments, processes, tools, and cultures enable disabled employees to perform their jobs effectively and participate fully in workplace life. Workplace accessibility exten…
- Workplace Accommodation (Reasonable Accommodation, Job Accommodation)
- Modifications or adjustments to a job, work environment, or work processes that enable a person with a disability to perform their job duties and participate equally in the workplace. Accommodations c…
- Workplace Accommodation (Reasonable Accommodation, Job Accommodation, Work Adjustment)
- Modifications or adjustments to a job, work environment, or the way work is performed that enable a qualified person with a disability to perform essential job functions and enjoy equal employment opp…
- Workplace Inclusion (Inclusive Workplace)
- The practice of creating work environments where all employees, including those with disabilities, can participate fully, contribute their skills, and access the same opportunities for development and…
- Workplace accessibility (Employment accessibility, Accessible workplace)
- The design of work environments, tools, processes, and practices that enable people with disabilities to participate fully and effectively in employment. Workplace accessibility encompasses physical a…
- Workplace disclosure model (Disclosure decision model, Joachim and Acorn framework)
- A theoretical framework for understanding how individuals with invisible disabilities decide whether, when, and how to disclose their condition at work, and the outcomes that follow. The Joachim and A…